second commit

env/lib/python3.11/site-packages/httpx/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+from .__version__ import __description__, __title__, __version__
+from ._api import *
+from ._auth import *
+from ._client import *
+from ._config import *
+from ._content import *
+from ._exceptions import *
+from ._models import *
+from ._status_codes import *
+from ._transports import *
+from ._types import *
+from ._urls import *
+
+try:
+    from ._main import main
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def main() -> None:  # type: ignore
+        import sys
+
+        print(
+            "The httpx command line client could not run because the required "
+            "dependencies were not installed.\nMake sure you've installed "
+            "everything with: pip install 'httpx[cli]'"
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "__description__",
+    "__title__",
+    "__version__",
+    "ASGITransport",
+    "AsyncBaseTransport",
+    "AsyncByteStream",
+    "AsyncClient",
+    "AsyncHTTPTransport",
+    "Auth",
+    "BaseTransport",
+    "BasicAuth",
+    "ByteStream",
+    "Client",
+    "CloseError",
+    "codes",
+    "ConnectError",
+    "ConnectTimeout",
+    "CookieConflict",
+    "Cookies",
+    "create_ssl_context",
+    "DecodingError",
+    "delete",
+    "DigestAuth",
+    "get",
+    "head",
+    "Headers",
+    "HTTPError",
+    "HTTPStatusError",
+    "HTTPTransport",
+    "InvalidURL",
+    "Limits",
+    "LocalProtocolError",
+    "main",
+    "MockTransport",
+    "NetRCAuth",
+    "NetworkError",
+    "options",
+    "patch",
+    "PoolTimeout",
+    "post",
+    "ProtocolError",
+    "Proxy",
+    "ProxyError",
+    "put",
+    "QueryParams",
+    "ReadError",
+    "ReadTimeout",
+    "RemoteProtocolError",
+    "request",
+    "Request",
+    "RequestError",
+    "RequestNotRead",
+    "Response",
+    "ResponseNotRead",
+    "stream",
+    "StreamClosed",
+    "StreamConsumed",
+    "StreamError",
+    "SyncByteStream",
+    "Timeout",
+    "TimeoutException",
+    "TooManyRedirects",
+    "TransportError",
+    "UnsupportedProtocol",
+    "URL",
+    "USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT",
+    "WriteError",
+    "WriteTimeout",
+    "WSGITransport",
+]
+
+
+__locals = locals()
+for __name in __all__:
+    if not __name.startswith("__"):
+        setattr(__locals[__name], "__module__", "httpx")  # noqa

env/lib/python3.11/site-packages/httpx/__version__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+__title__ = "httpx"
+__description__ = "A next generation HTTP client, for Python 3."
+__version__ = "0.28.1"

env/lib/python3.11/site-packages/httpx/_api.py

@@ -0,0 +1,438 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+
+from ._client import Client
+from ._config import DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG
+from ._models import Response
+from ._types import (
+    AuthTypes,
+    CookieTypes,
+    HeaderTypes,
+    ProxyTypes,
+    QueryParamTypes,
+    RequestContent,
+    RequestData,
+    RequestFiles,
+    TimeoutTypes,
+)
+from ._urls import URL
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import ssl  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "delete",
+    "get",
+    "head",
+    "options",
+    "patch",
+    "post",
+    "put",
+    "request",
+    "stream",
+]
+
+
+def request(
+    method: str,
+    url: URL | str,
+    *,
+    params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    content: RequestContent | None = None,
+    data: RequestData | None = None,
+    files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+    json: typing.Any | None = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+    proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    follow_redirects: bool = False,
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends an HTTP request.
+
+    **Parameters:**
+
+    * **method** - HTTP method for the new `Request` object: `GET`, `OPTIONS`,
+    `HEAD`, `POST`, `PUT`, `PATCH`, or `DELETE`.
+    * **url** - URL for the new `Request` object.
+    * **params** - *(optional)* Query parameters to include in the URL, as a
+    string, dictionary, or sequence of two-tuples.
+    * **content** - *(optional)* Binary content to include in the body of the
+    request, as bytes or a byte iterator.
+    * **data** - *(optional)* Form data to include in the body of the request,
+    as a dictionary.
+    * **files** - *(optional)* A dictionary of upload files to include in the
+    body of the request.
+    * **json** - *(optional)* A JSON serializable object to include in the body
+    of the request.
+    * **headers** - *(optional)* Dictionary of HTTP headers to include in the
+    request.
+    * **cookies** - *(optional)* Dictionary of Cookie items to include in the
+    request.
+    * **auth** - *(optional)* An authentication class to use when sending the
+    request.
+    * **proxy** - *(optional)* A proxy URL where all the traffic should be routed.
+    * **timeout** - *(optional)* The timeout configuration to use when sending
+    the request.
+    * **follow_redirects** - *(optional)* Enables or disables HTTP redirects.
+    * **verify** - *(optional)* Either `True` to use an SSL context with the
+    default CA bundle, `False` to disable verification, or an instance of
+    `ssl.SSLContext` to use a custom context.
+    * **trust_env** - *(optional)* Enables or disables usage of environment
+    variables for configuration.
+
+    **Returns:** `Response`
+
+    Usage:
+
+    ```
+    >>> import httpx
+    >>> response = httpx.request('GET', 'https://httpbin.org/get')
+    >>> response
+    <Response [200 OK]>
+    ```
+    """
+    with Client(
+        cookies=cookies,
+        proxy=proxy,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    ) as client:
+        return client.request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+        )
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def stream(
+    method: str,
+    url: URL | str,
+    *,
+    params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    content: RequestContent | None = None,
+    data: RequestData | None = None,
+    files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+    json: typing.Any | None = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+    proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    follow_redirects: bool = False,
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> typing.Iterator[Response]:
+    """
+    Alternative to `httpx.request()` that streams the response body
+    instead of loading it into memory at once.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+
+    See also: [Streaming Responses][0]
+
+    [0]: /quickstart#streaming-responses
+    """
+    with Client(
+        cookies=cookies,
+        proxy=proxy,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    ) as client:
+        with client.stream(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+        ) as response:
+            yield response
+
+
+def get(
+    url: URL | str,
+    *,
+    params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+    proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+    follow_redirects: bool = False,
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends a `GET` request.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+
+    Note that the `data`, `files`, `json` and `content` parameters are not available
+    on this function, as `GET` requests should not include a request body.
+    """
+    return request(
+        "GET",
+        url,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        cookies=cookies,
+        auth=auth,
+        proxy=proxy,
+        follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    )
+
+
+def options(
+    url: URL | str,
+    *,
+    params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+    proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+    follow_redirects: bool = False,
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends an `OPTIONS` request.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+
+    Note that the `data`, `files`, `json` and `content` parameters are not available
+    on this function, as `OPTIONS` requests should not include a request body.
+    """
+    return request(
+        "OPTIONS",
+        url,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        cookies=cookies,
+        auth=auth,
+        proxy=proxy,
+        follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    )
+
+
+def head(
+    url: URL | str,
+    *,
+    params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+    proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+    follow_redirects: bool = False,
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends a `HEAD` request.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+
+    Note that the `data`, `files`, `json` and `content` parameters are not available
+    on this function, as `HEAD` requests should not include a request body.
+    """
+    return request(
+        "HEAD",
+        url,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        cookies=cookies,
+        auth=auth,
+        proxy=proxy,
+        follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    )
+
+
+def post(
+    url: URL | str,
+    *,
+    content: RequestContent | None = None,
+    data: RequestData | None = None,
+    files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+    json: typing.Any | None = None,
+    params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+    proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+    follow_redirects: bool = False,
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends a `POST` request.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+    """
+    return request(
+        "POST",
+        url,
+        content=content,
+        data=data,
+        files=files,
+        json=json,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        cookies=cookies,
+        auth=auth,
+        proxy=proxy,
+        follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    )
+
+
+def put(
+    url: URL | str,
+    *,
+    content: RequestContent | None = None,
+    data: RequestData | None = None,
+    files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+    json: typing.Any | None = None,
+    params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+    proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+    follow_redirects: bool = False,
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends a `PUT` request.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+    """
+    return request(
+        "PUT",
+        url,
+        content=content,
+        data=data,
+        files=files,
+        json=json,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        cookies=cookies,
+        auth=auth,
+        proxy=proxy,
+        follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    )
+
+
+def patch(
+    url: URL | str,
+    *,
+    content: RequestContent | None = None,
+    data: RequestData | None = None,
+    files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+    json: typing.Any | None = None,
+    params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+    proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+    follow_redirects: bool = False,
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends a `PATCH` request.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+    """
+    return request(
+        "PATCH",
+        url,
+        content=content,
+        data=data,
+        files=files,
+        json=json,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        cookies=cookies,
+        auth=auth,
+        proxy=proxy,
+        follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    )
+
+
+def delete(
+    url: URL | str,
+    *,
+    params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+    proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+    follow_redirects: bool = False,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends a `DELETE` request.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+
+    Note that the `data`, `files`, `json` and `content` parameters are not available
+    on this function, as `DELETE` requests should not include a request body.
+    """
+    return request(
+        "DELETE",
+        url,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        cookies=cookies,
+        auth=auth,
+        proxy=proxy,
+        follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    )

env/lib/python3.11/site-packages/httpx/_auth.py

@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import hashlib
+import os
+import re
+import time
+import typing
+from base64 import b64encode
+from urllib.request import parse_http_list
+
+from ._exceptions import ProtocolError
+from ._models import Cookies, Request, Response
+from ._utils import to_bytes, to_str, unquote
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from hashlib import _Hash
+
+
+__all__ = ["Auth", "BasicAuth", "DigestAuth", "NetRCAuth"]
+
+
+class Auth:
+    """
+    Base class for all authentication schemes.
+
+    To implement a custom authentication scheme, subclass `Auth` and override
+    the `.auth_flow()` method.
+
+    If the authentication scheme does I/O such as disk access or network calls, or uses
+    synchronization primitives such as locks, you should override `.sync_auth_flow()`
+    and/or `.async_auth_flow()` instead of `.auth_flow()` to provide specialized
+    implementations that will be used by `Client` and `AsyncClient` respectively.
+    """
+
+    requires_request_body = False
+    requires_response_body = False
+
+    def auth_flow(self, request: Request) -> typing.Generator[Request, Response, None]:
+        """
+        Execute the authentication flow.
+
+        To dispatch a request, `yield` it:
+
+        ```
+        yield request
+        ```
+
+        The client will `.send()` the response back into the flow generator. You can
+        access it like so:
+
+        ```
+        response = yield request
+        ```
+
+        A `return` (or reaching the end of the generator) will result in the
+        client returning the last response obtained from the server.
+
+        You can dispatch as many requests as is necessary.
+        """
+        yield request
+
+    def sync_auth_flow(
+        self, request: Request
+    ) -> typing.Generator[Request, Response, None]:
+        """
+        Execute the authentication flow synchronously.
+
+        By default, this defers to `.auth_flow()`. You should override this method
+        when the authentication scheme does I/O and/or uses concurrency primitives.
+        """
+        if self.requires_request_body:
+            request.read()
+
+        flow = self.auth_flow(request)
+        request = next(flow)
+
+        while True:
+            response = yield request
+            if self.requires_response_body:
+                response.read()
+
+            try:
+                request = flow.send(response)
+            except StopIteration:
+                break
+
+    async def async_auth_flow(
+        self, request: Request
+    ) -> typing.AsyncGenerator[Request, Response]:
+        """
+        Execute the authentication flow asynchronously.
+
+        By default, this defers to `.auth_flow()`. You should override this method
+        when the authentication scheme does I/O and/or uses concurrency primitives.
+        """
+        if self.requires_request_body:
+            await request.aread()
+
+        flow = self.auth_flow(request)
+        request = next(flow)
+
+        while True:
+            response = yield request
+            if self.requires_response_body:
+                await response.aread()
+
+            try:
+                request = flow.send(response)
+            except StopIteration:
+                break
+
+
+class FunctionAuth(Auth):
+    """
+    Allows the 'auth' argument to be passed as a simple callable function,
+    that takes the request, and returns a new, modified request.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, func: typing.Callable[[Request], Request]) -> None:
+        self._func = func
+
+    def auth_flow(self, request: Request) -> typing.Generator[Request, Response, None]:
+        yield self._func(request)
+
+
+class BasicAuth(Auth):
+    """
+    Allows the 'auth' argument to be passed as a (username, password) pair,
+    and uses HTTP Basic authentication.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, username: str | bytes, password: str | bytes) -> None:
+        self._auth_header = self._build_auth_header(username, password)
+
+    def auth_flow(self, request: Request) -> typing.Generator[Request, Response, None]:
+        request.headers["Authorization"] = self._auth_header
+        yield request
+
+    def _build_auth_header(self, username: str | bytes, password: str | bytes) -> str:
+        userpass = b":".join((to_bytes(username), to_bytes(password)))
+        token = b64encode(userpass).decode()
+        return f"Basic {token}"
+
+
+class NetRCAuth(Auth):
+    """
+    Use a 'netrc' file to lookup basic auth credentials based on the url host.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, file: str | None = None) -> None:
+        # Lazily import 'netrc'.
+        # There's no need for us to load this module unless 'NetRCAuth' is being used.
+        import netrc
+
+        self._netrc_info = netrc.netrc(file)
+
+    def auth_flow(self, request: Request) -> typing.Generator[Request, Response, None]:
+        auth_info = self._netrc_info.authenticators(request.url.host)
+        if auth_info is None or not auth_info[2]:
+            # The netrc file did not have authentication credentials for this host.
+            yield request
+        else:
+            # Build a basic auth header with credentials from the netrc file.
+            request.headers["Authorization"] = self._build_auth_header(
+                username=auth_info[0], password=auth_info[2]
+            )
+            yield request
+
+    def _build_auth_header(self, username: str | bytes, password: str | bytes) -> str:
+        userpass = b":".join((to_bytes(username), to_bytes(password)))
+        token = b64encode(userpass).decode()
+        return f"Basic {token}"
+
+
+class DigestAuth(Auth):
+    _ALGORITHM_TO_HASH_FUNCTION: dict[str, typing.Callable[[bytes], _Hash]] = {
+        "MD5": hashlib.md5,
+        "MD5-SESS": hashlib.md5,
+        "SHA": hashlib.sha1,
+        "SHA-SESS": hashlib.sha1,
+        "SHA-256": hashlib.sha256,
+        "SHA-256-SESS": hashlib.sha256,
+        "SHA-512": hashlib.sha512,
+        "SHA-512-SESS": hashlib.sha512,
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, username: str | bytes, password: str | bytes) -> None:
+        self._username = to_bytes(username)
+        self._password = to_bytes(password)
+        self._last_challenge: _DigestAuthChallenge | None = None
+        self._nonce_count = 1
+
+    def auth_flow(self, request: Request) -> typing.Generator[Request, Response, None]:
+        if self._last_challenge:
+            request.headers["Authorization"] = self._build_auth_header(
+                request, self._last_challenge
+            )
+
+        response = yield request
+
+        if response.status_code != 401 or "www-authenticate" not in response.headers:
+            # If the response is not a 401 then we don't
+            # need to build an authenticated request.
+            return
+
+        for auth_header in response.headers.get_list("www-authenticate"):
+            if auth_header.lower().startswith("digest "):
+                break
+        else:
+            # If the response does not include a 'WWW-Authenticate: Digest ...'
+            # header, then we don't need to build an authenticated request.
+            return
+
+        self._last_challenge = self._parse_challenge(request, response, auth_header)
+        self._nonce_count = 1
+
+        request.headers["Authorization"] = self._build_auth_header(
+            request, self._last_challenge
+        )
+        if response.cookies:
+            Cookies(response.cookies).set_cookie_header(request=request)
+        yield request
+
+    def _parse_challenge(
+        self, request: Request, response: Response, auth_header: str
+    ) -> _DigestAuthChallenge:
+        """
+        Returns a challenge from a Digest WWW-Authenticate header.
+        These take the form of:
+        `Digest realm="realm@host.com",qop="auth,auth-int",nonce="abc",opaque="xyz"`
+        """
+        scheme, _, fields = auth_header.partition(" ")
+
+        # This method should only ever have been called with a Digest auth header.
+        assert scheme.lower() == "digest"
+
+        header_dict: dict[str, str] = {}
+        for field in parse_http_list(fields):
+            key, value = field.strip().split("=", 1)
+            header_dict[key] = unquote(value)
+
+        try:
+            realm = header_dict["realm"].encode()
+            nonce = header_dict["nonce"].encode()
+            algorithm = header_dict.get("algorithm", "MD5")
+            opaque = header_dict["opaque"].encode() if "opaque" in header_dict else None
+            qop = header_dict["qop"].encode() if "qop" in header_dict else None
+            return _DigestAuthChallenge(
+                realm=realm, nonce=nonce, algorithm=algorithm, opaque=opaque, qop=qop
+            )
+        except KeyError as exc:
+            message = "Malformed Digest WWW-Authenticate header"
+            raise ProtocolError(message, request=request) from exc
+
+    def _build_auth_header(
+        self, request: Request, challenge: _DigestAuthChallenge
+    ) -> str:
+        hash_func = self._ALGORITHM_TO_HASH_FUNCTION[challenge.algorithm.upper()]
+
+        def digest(data: bytes) -> bytes:
+            return hash_func(data).hexdigest().encode()
+
+        A1 = b":".join((self._username, challenge.realm, self._password))
+
+        path = request.url.raw_path
+        A2 = b":".join((request.method.encode(), path))
+        # TODO: implement auth-int
+        HA2 = digest(A2)
+
+        nc_value = b"%08x" % self._nonce_count
+        cnonce = self._get_client_nonce(self._nonce_count, challenge.nonce)
+        self._nonce_count += 1
+
+        HA1 = digest(A1)
+        if challenge.algorithm.lower().endswith("-sess"):
+            HA1 = digest(b":".join((HA1, challenge.nonce, cnonce)))
+
+        qop = self._resolve_qop(challenge.qop, request=request)
+        if qop is None:
+            # Following RFC 2069
+            digest_data = [HA1, challenge.nonce, HA2]
+        else:
+            # Following RFC 2617/7616
+            digest_data = [HA1, challenge.nonce, nc_value, cnonce, qop, HA2]
+
+        format_args = {
+            "username": self._username,
+            "realm": challenge.realm,
+            "nonce": challenge.nonce,
+            "uri": path,
+            "response": digest(b":".join(digest_data)),
+            "algorithm": challenge.algorithm.encode(),
+        }
+        if challenge.opaque:
+            format_args["opaque"] = challenge.opaque
+        if qop:
+            format_args["qop"] = b"auth"
+            format_args["nc"] = nc_value
+            format_args["cnonce"] = cnonce
+
+        return "Digest " + self._get_header_value(format_args)
+
+    def _get_client_nonce(self, nonce_count: int, nonce: bytes) -> bytes:
+        s = str(nonce_count).encode()
+        s += nonce
+        s += time.ctime().encode()
+        s += os.urandom(8)
+
+        return hashlib.sha1(s).hexdigest()[:16].encode()
+
+    def _get_header_value(self, header_fields: dict[str, bytes]) -> str:
+        NON_QUOTED_FIELDS = ("algorithm", "qop", "nc")
+        QUOTED_TEMPLATE = '{}="{}"'
+        NON_QUOTED_TEMPLATE = "{}={}"
+
+        header_value = ""
+        for i, (field, value) in enumerate(header_fields.items()):
+            if i > 0:
+                header_value += ", "
+            template = (
+                QUOTED_TEMPLATE
+                if field not in NON_QUOTED_FIELDS
+                else NON_QUOTED_TEMPLATE
+            )
+            header_value += template.format(field, to_str(value))
+
+        return header_value
+
+    def _resolve_qop(self, qop: bytes | None, request: Request) -> bytes | None:
+        if qop is None:
+            return None
+        qops = re.split(b", ?", qop)
+        if b"auth" in qops:
+            return b"auth"
+
+        if qops == [b"auth-int"]:
+            raise NotImplementedError("Digest auth-int support is not yet implemented")
+
+        message = f'Unexpected qop value "{qop!r}" in digest auth'
+        raise ProtocolError(message, request=request)
+
+
+class _DigestAuthChallenge(typing.NamedTuple):
+    realm: bytes
+    nonce: bytes
+    algorithm: str
+    opaque: bytes | None
+    qop: bytes | None

env/lib/python3.11/site-packages/httpx/_config.py

@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import typing
+
+from ._models import Headers
+from ._types import CertTypes, HeaderTypes, TimeoutTypes
+from ._urls import URL
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import ssl  # pragma: no cover
+
+__all__ = ["Limits", "Proxy", "Timeout", "create_ssl_context"]
+
+
+class UnsetType:
+    pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+UNSET = UnsetType()
+
+
+def create_ssl_context(
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    cert: CertTypes | None = None,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> ssl.SSLContext:
+    import ssl
+    import warnings
+
+    import certifi
+
+    if verify is True:
+        if trust_env and os.environ.get("SSL_CERT_FILE"):  # pragma: nocover
+            ctx = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=os.environ["SSL_CERT_FILE"])
+        elif trust_env and os.environ.get("SSL_CERT_DIR"):  # pragma: nocover
+            ctx = ssl.create_default_context(capath=os.environ["SSL_CERT_DIR"])
+        else:
+            # Default case...
+            ctx = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=certifi.where())
+    elif verify is False:
+        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)
+        ctx.check_hostname = False
+        ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE
+    elif isinstance(verify, str):  # pragma: nocover
+        message = (
+            "`verify=<str>` is deprecated. "
+            "Use `verify=ssl.create_default_context(cafile=...)` "
+            "or `verify=ssl.create_default_context(capath=...)` instead."
+        )
+        warnings.warn(message, DeprecationWarning)
+        if os.path.isdir(verify):
+            return ssl.create_default_context(capath=verify)
+        return ssl.create_default_context(cafile=verify)
+    else:
+        ctx = verify
+
+    if cert:  # pragma: nocover
+        message = (
+            "`cert=...` is deprecated. Use `verify=<ssl_context>` instead,"
+            "with `.load_cert_chain()` to configure the certificate chain."
+        )
+        warnings.warn(message, DeprecationWarning)
+        if isinstance(cert, str):
+            ctx.load_cert_chain(cert)
+        else:
+            ctx.load_cert_chain(*cert)
+
+    return ctx
+
+
+class Timeout:
+    """
+    Timeout configuration.
+
+    **Usage**:
+
+    Timeout(None)               # No timeouts.
+    Timeout(5.0)                # 5s timeout on all operations.
+    Timeout(None, connect=5.0)  # 5s timeout on connect, no other timeouts.
+    Timeout(5.0, connect=10.0)  # 10s timeout on connect. 5s timeout elsewhere.
+    Timeout(5.0, pool=None)     # No timeout on acquiring connection from pool.
+                                # 5s timeout elsewhere.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UnsetType = UNSET,
+        *,
+        connect: None | float | UnsetType = UNSET,
+        read: None | float | UnsetType = UNSET,
+        write: None | float | UnsetType = UNSET,
+        pool: None | float | UnsetType = UNSET,
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(timeout, Timeout):
+            # Passed as a single explicit Timeout.
+            assert connect is UNSET
+            assert read is UNSET
+            assert write is UNSET
+            assert pool is UNSET
+            self.connect = timeout.connect  # type: typing.Optional[float]
+            self.read = timeout.read  # type: typing.Optional[float]
+            self.write = timeout.write  # type: typing.Optional[float]
+            self.pool = timeout.pool  # type: typing.Optional[float]
+        elif isinstance(timeout, tuple):
+            # Passed as a tuple.
+            self.connect = timeout[0]
+            self.read = timeout[1]
+            self.write = None if len(timeout) < 3 else timeout[2]
+            self.pool = None if len(timeout) < 4 else timeout[3]
+        elif not (
+            isinstance(connect, UnsetType)
+            or isinstance(read, UnsetType)
+            or isinstance(write, UnsetType)
+            or isinstance(pool, UnsetType)
+        ):
+            self.connect = connect
+            self.read = read
+            self.write = write
+            self.pool = pool
+        else:
+            if isinstance(timeout, UnsetType):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "httpx.Timeout must either include a default, or set all "
+                    "four parameters explicitly."
+                )
+            self.connect = timeout if isinstance(connect, UnsetType) else connect
+            self.read = timeout if isinstance(read, UnsetType) else read
+            self.write = timeout if isinstance(write, UnsetType) else write
+            self.pool = timeout if isinstance(pool, UnsetType) else pool
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> dict[str, float | None]:
+        return {
+            "connect": self.connect,
+            "read": self.read,
+            "write": self.write,
+            "pool": self.pool,
+        }
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        return (
+            isinstance(other, self.__class__)
+            and self.connect == other.connect
+            and self.read == other.read
+            and self.write == other.write
+            and self.pool == other.pool
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        if len({self.connect, self.read, self.write, self.pool}) == 1:
+            return f"{class_name}(timeout={self.connect})"
+        return (
+            f"{class_name}(connect={self.connect}, "
+            f"read={self.read}, write={self.write}, pool={self.pool})"
+        )
+
+
+class Limits:
+    """
+    Configuration for limits to various client behaviors.
+
+    **Parameters:**
+
+    * **max_connections** - The maximum number of concurrent connections that may be
+            established.
+    * **max_keepalive_connections** - Allow the connection pool to maintain
+            keep-alive connections below this point. Should be less than or equal
+            to `max_connections`.
+    * **keepalive_expiry** - Time limit on idle keep-alive connections in seconds.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        max_connections: int | None = None,
+        max_keepalive_connections: int | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = 5.0,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.max_connections = max_connections
+        self.max_keepalive_connections = max_keepalive_connections
+        self.keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        return (
+            isinstance(other, self.__class__)
+            and self.max_connections == other.max_connections
+            and self.max_keepalive_connections == other.max_keepalive_connections
+            and self.keepalive_expiry == other.keepalive_expiry
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        return (
+            f"{class_name}(max_connections={self.max_connections}, "
+            f"max_keepalive_connections={self.max_keepalive_connections}, "
+            f"keepalive_expiry={self.keepalive_expiry})"
+        )
+
+
+class Proxy:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        auth: tuple[str, str] | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        url = URL(url)
+        headers = Headers(headers)
+
+        if url.scheme not in ("http", "https", "socks5", "socks5h"):
+            raise ValueError(f"Unknown scheme for proxy URL {url!r}")
+
+        if url.username or url.password:
+            # Remove any auth credentials from the URL.
+            auth = (url.username, url.password)
+            url = url.copy_with(username=None, password=None)
+
+        self.url = url
+        self.auth = auth
+        self.headers = headers
+        self.ssl_context = ssl_context
+
+    @property
+    def raw_auth(self) -> tuple[bytes, bytes] | None:
+        # The proxy authentication as raw bytes.
+        return (
+            None
+            if self.auth is None
+            else (self.auth[0].encode("utf-8"), self.auth[1].encode("utf-8"))
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        # The authentication is represented with the password component masked.
+        auth = (self.auth[0], "********") if self.auth else None
+
+        # Build a nice concise representation.
+        url_str = f"{str(self.url)!r}"
+        auth_str = f", auth={auth!r}" if auth else ""
+        headers_str = f", headers={dict(self.headers)!r}" if self.headers else ""
+        return f"Proxy({url_str}{auth_str}{headers_str})"
+
+
+DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG = Timeout(timeout=5.0)
+DEFAULT_LIMITS = Limits(max_connections=100, max_keepalive_connections=20)
+DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS = 20

env/lib/python3.11/site-packages/httpx/_content.py

@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import inspect
+import warnings
+from json import dumps as json_dumps
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    AsyncIterable,
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    Mapping,
+)
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+from ._exceptions import StreamClosed, StreamConsumed
+from ._multipart import MultipartStream
+from ._types import (
+    AsyncByteStream,
+    RequestContent,
+    RequestData,
+    RequestFiles,
+    ResponseContent,
+    SyncByteStream,
+)
+from ._utils import peek_filelike_length, primitive_value_to_str
+
+__all__ = ["ByteStream"]
+
+
+class ByteStream(AsyncByteStream, SyncByteStream):
+    def __init__(self, stream: bytes) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+        yield self._stream
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        yield self._stream
+
+
+class IteratorByteStream(SyncByteStream):
+    CHUNK_SIZE = 65_536
+
+    def __init__(self, stream: Iterable[bytes]) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._is_stream_consumed = False
+        self._is_generator = inspect.isgenerator(stream)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+        if self._is_stream_consumed and self._is_generator:
+            raise StreamConsumed()
+
+        self._is_stream_consumed = True
+        if hasattr(self._stream, "read"):
+            # File-like interfaces should use 'read' directly.
+            chunk = self._stream.read(self.CHUNK_SIZE)
+            while chunk:
+                yield chunk
+                chunk = self._stream.read(self.CHUNK_SIZE)
+        else:
+            # Otherwise iterate.
+            for part in self._stream:
+                yield part
+
+
+class AsyncIteratorByteStream(AsyncByteStream):
+    CHUNK_SIZE = 65_536
+
+    def __init__(self, stream: AsyncIterable[bytes]) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._is_stream_consumed = False
+        self._is_generator = inspect.isasyncgen(stream)
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        if self._is_stream_consumed and self._is_generator:
+            raise StreamConsumed()
+
+        self._is_stream_consumed = True
+        if hasattr(self._stream, "aread"):
+            # File-like interfaces should use 'aread' directly.
+            chunk = await self._stream.aread(self.CHUNK_SIZE)
+            while chunk:
+                yield chunk
+                chunk = await self._stream.aread(self.CHUNK_SIZE)
+        else:
+            # Otherwise iterate.
+            async for part in self._stream:
+                yield part
+
+
+class UnattachedStream(AsyncByteStream, SyncByteStream):
+    """
+    If a request or response is serialized using pickle, then it is no longer
+    attached to a stream for I/O purposes. Any stream operations should result
+    in `httpx.StreamClosed`.
+    """
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+        raise StreamClosed()
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        raise StreamClosed()
+        yield b""  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def encode_content(
+    content: str | bytes | Iterable[bytes] | AsyncIterable[bytes],
+) -> tuple[dict[str, str], SyncByteStream | AsyncByteStream]:
+    if isinstance(content, (bytes, str)):
+        body = content.encode("utf-8") if isinstance(content, str) else content
+        content_length = len(body)
+        headers = {"Content-Length": str(content_length)} if body else {}
+        return headers, ByteStream(body)
+
+    elif isinstance(content, Iterable) and not isinstance(content, dict):
+        # `not isinstance(content, dict)` is a bit oddly specific, but it
+        # catches a case that's easy for users to make in error, and would
+        # otherwise pass through here, like any other bytes-iterable,
+        # because `dict` happens to be iterable. See issue #2491.
+        content_length_or_none = peek_filelike_length(content)
+
+        if content_length_or_none is None:
+            headers = {"Transfer-Encoding": "chunked"}
+        else:
+            headers = {"Content-Length": str(content_length_or_none)}
+        return headers, IteratorByteStream(content)  # type: ignore
+
+    elif isinstance(content, AsyncIterable):
+        headers = {"Transfer-Encoding": "chunked"}
+        return headers, AsyncIteratorByteStream(content)
+
+    raise TypeError(f"Unexpected type for 'content', {type(content)!r}")
+
+
+def encode_urlencoded_data(
+    data: RequestData,
+) -> tuple[dict[str, str], ByteStream]:
+    plain_data = []
+    for key, value in data.items():
+        if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+            plain_data.extend([(key, primitive_value_to_str(item)) for item in value])
+        else:
+            plain_data.append((key, primitive_value_to_str(value)))
+    body = urlencode(plain_data, doseq=True).encode("utf-8")
+    content_length = str(len(body))
+    content_type = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+    headers = {"Content-Length": content_length, "Content-Type": content_type}
+    return headers, ByteStream(body)
+
+
+def encode_multipart_data(
+    data: RequestData, files: RequestFiles, boundary: bytes | None
+) -> tuple[dict[str, str], MultipartStream]:
+    multipart = MultipartStream(data=data, files=files, boundary=boundary)
+    headers = multipart.get_headers()
+    return headers, multipart
+
+
+def encode_text(text: str) -> tuple[dict[str, str], ByteStream]:
+    body = text.encode("utf-8")
+    content_length = str(len(body))
+    content_type = "text/plain; charset=utf-8"
+    headers = {"Content-Length": content_length, "Content-Type": content_type}
+    return headers, ByteStream(body)
+
+
+def encode_html(html: str) -> tuple[dict[str, str], ByteStream]:
+    body = html.encode("utf-8")
+    content_length = str(len(body))
+    content_type = "text/html; charset=utf-8"
+    headers = {"Content-Length": content_length, "Content-Type": content_type}
+    return headers, ByteStream(body)
+
+
+def encode_json(json: Any) -> tuple[dict[str, str], ByteStream]:
+    body = json_dumps(
+        json, ensure_ascii=False, separators=(",", ":"), allow_nan=False
+    ).encode("utf-8")
+    content_length = str(len(body))
+    content_type = "application/json"
+    headers = {"Content-Length": content_length, "Content-Type": content_type}
+    return headers, ByteStream(body)
+
+
+def encode_request(
+    content: RequestContent | None = None,
+    data: RequestData | None = None,
+    files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+    json: Any | None = None,
+    boundary: bytes | None = None,
+) -> tuple[dict[str, str], SyncByteStream | AsyncByteStream]:
+    """
+    Handles encoding the given `content`, `data`, `files`, and `json`,
+    returning a two-tuple of (<headers>, <stream>).
+    """
+    if data is not None and not isinstance(data, Mapping):
+        # We prefer to separate `content=<bytes|str|byte iterator|bytes aiterator>`
+        # for raw request content, and `data=<form data>` for url encoded or
+        # multipart form content.
+        #
+        # However for compat with requests, we *do* still support
+        # `data=<bytes...>` usages. We deal with that case here, treating it
+        # as if `content=<...>` had been supplied instead.
+        message = "Use 'content=<...>' to upload raw bytes/text content."
+        warnings.warn(message, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+        return encode_content(data)
+
+    if content is not None:
+        return encode_content(content)
+    elif files:
+        return encode_multipart_data(data or {}, files, boundary)
+    elif data:
+        return encode_urlencoded_data(data)
+    elif json is not None:
+        return encode_json(json)
+
+    return {}, ByteStream(b"")
+
+
+def encode_response(
+    content: ResponseContent | None = None,
+    text: str | None = None,
+    html: str | None = None,
+    json: Any | None = None,
+) -> tuple[dict[str, str], SyncByteStream | AsyncByteStream]:
+    """
+    Handles encoding the given `content`, returning a two-tuple of
+    (<headers>, <stream>).
+    """
+    if content is not None:
+        return encode_content(content)
+    elif text is not None:
+        return encode_text(text)
+    elif html is not None:
+        return encode_html(html)
+    elif json is not None:
+        return encode_json(json)
+
+    return {}, ByteStream(b"")

env/lib/python3.11/site-packages/httpx/_decoders.py

@@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
+"""
+Handlers for Content-Encoding.
+
+See: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Encoding
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import codecs
+import io
+import typing
+import zlib
+
+from ._exceptions import DecodingError
+
+# Brotli support is optional
+try:
+    # The C bindings in `brotli` are recommended for CPython.
+    import brotli
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    try:
+        # The CFFI bindings in `brotlicffi` are recommended for PyPy
+        # and other environments.
+        import brotlicffi as brotli
+    except ImportError:
+        brotli = None
+
+
+# Zstandard support is optional
+try:
+    import zstandard
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    zstandard = None  # type: ignore
+
+
+class ContentDecoder:
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def flush(self) -> bytes:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class IdentityDecoder(ContentDecoder):
+    """
+    Handle unencoded data.
+    """
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        return data
+
+    def flush(self) -> bytes:
+        return b""
+
+
+class DeflateDecoder(ContentDecoder):
+    """
+    Handle 'deflate' decoding.
+
+    See: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1838699
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.first_attempt = True
+        self.decompressor = zlib.decompressobj()
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        was_first_attempt = self.first_attempt
+        self.first_attempt = False
+        try:
+            return self.decompressor.decompress(data)
+        except zlib.error as exc:
+            if was_first_attempt:
+                self.decompressor = zlib.decompressobj(-zlib.MAX_WBITS)
+                return self.decode(data)
+            raise DecodingError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+    def flush(self) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            return self.decompressor.flush()
+        except zlib.error as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise DecodingError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+
+class GZipDecoder(ContentDecoder):
+    """
+    Handle 'gzip' decoding.
+
+    See: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1838699
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.decompressor = zlib.decompressobj(zlib.MAX_WBITS | 16)
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            return self.decompressor.decompress(data)
+        except zlib.error as exc:
+            raise DecodingError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+    def flush(self) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            return self.decompressor.flush()
+        except zlib.error as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise DecodingError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+
+class BrotliDecoder(ContentDecoder):
+    """
+    Handle 'brotli' decoding.
+
+    Requires `pip install brotlipy`. See: https://brotlipy.readthedocs.io/
+        or   `pip install brotli`. See https://github.com/google/brotli
+    Supports both 'brotlipy' and 'Brotli' packages since they share an import
+    name. The top branches are for 'brotlipy' and bottom branches for 'Brotli'
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        if brotli is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ImportError(
+                "Using 'BrotliDecoder', but neither of the 'brotlicffi' or 'brotli' "
+                "packages have been installed. "
+                "Make sure to install httpx using `pip install httpx[brotli]`."
+            ) from None
+
+        self.decompressor = brotli.Decompressor()
+        self.seen_data = False
+        self._decompress: typing.Callable[[bytes], bytes]
+        if hasattr(self.decompressor, "decompress"):
+            # The 'brotlicffi' package.
+            self._decompress = self.decompressor.decompress  # pragma: no cover
+        else:
+            # The 'brotli' package.
+            self._decompress = self.decompressor.process  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        if not data:
+            return b""
+        self.seen_data = True
+        try:
+            return self._decompress(data)
+        except brotli.error as exc:
+            raise DecodingError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+    def flush(self) -> bytes:
+        if not self.seen_data:
+            return b""
+        try:
+            if hasattr(self.decompressor, "finish"):
+                # Only available in the 'brotlicffi' package.
+
+                # As the decompressor decompresses eagerly, this
+                # will never actually emit any data. However, it will potentially throw
+                # errors if a truncated or damaged data stream has been used.
+                self.decompressor.finish()  # pragma: no cover
+            return b""
+        except brotli.error as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise DecodingError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+
+class ZStandardDecoder(ContentDecoder):
+    """
+    Handle 'zstd' RFC 8878 decoding.
+
+    Requires `pip install zstandard`.
+    Can be installed as a dependency of httpx using `pip install httpx[zstd]`.
+    """
+
+    # inspired by the ZstdDecoder implementation in urllib3
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        if zstandard is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ImportError(
+                "Using 'ZStandardDecoder', ..."
+                "Make sure to install httpx using `pip install httpx[zstd]`."
+            ) from None
+
+        self.decompressor = zstandard.ZstdDecompressor().decompressobj()
+        self.seen_data = False
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        assert zstandard is not None
+        self.seen_data = True
+        output = io.BytesIO()
+        try:
+            output.write(self.decompressor.decompress(data))
+            while self.decompressor.eof and self.decompressor.unused_data:
+                unused_data = self.decompressor.unused_data
+                self.decompressor = zstandard.ZstdDecompressor().decompressobj()
+                output.write(self.decompressor.decompress(unused_data))
+        except zstandard.ZstdError as exc:
+            raise DecodingError(str(exc)) from exc
+        return output.getvalue()
+
+    def flush(self) -> bytes:
+        if not self.seen_data:
+            return b""
+        ret = self.decompressor.flush()  # note: this is a no-op
+        if not self.decompressor.eof:
+            raise DecodingError("Zstandard data is incomplete")  # pragma: no cover
+        return bytes(ret)
+
+
+class MultiDecoder(ContentDecoder):
+    """
+    Handle the case where multiple encodings have been applied.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, children: typing.Sequence[ContentDecoder]) -> None:
+        """
+        'children' should be a sequence of decoders in the order in which
+        each was applied.
+        """
+        # Note that we reverse the order for decoding.
+        self.children = list(reversed(children))
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        for child in self.children:
+            data = child.decode(data)
+        return data
+
+    def flush(self) -> bytes:
+        data = b""
+        for child in self.children:
+            data = child.decode(data) + child.flush()
+        return data
+
+
+class ByteChunker:
+    """
+    Handles returning byte content in fixed-size chunks.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, chunk_size: int | None = None) -> None:
+        self._buffer = io.BytesIO()
+        self._chunk_size = chunk_size
+
+    def decode(self, content: bytes) -> list[bytes]:
+        if self._chunk_size is None:
+            return [content] if content else []
+
+        self._buffer.write(content)
+        if self._buffer.tell() >= self._chunk_size:
+            value = self._buffer.getvalue()
+            chunks = [
+                value[i : i + self._chunk_size]
+                for i in range(0, len(value), self._chunk_size)
+            ]
+            if len(chunks[-1]) == self._chunk_size:
+                self._buffer.seek(0)
+                self._buffer.truncate()
+                return chunks
+            else:
+                self._buffer.seek(0)
+                self._buffer.write(chunks[-1])
+                self._buffer.truncate()
+                return chunks[:-1]
+        else:
+            return []
+
+    def flush(self) -> list[bytes]:
+        value = self._buffer.getvalue()
+        self._buffer.seek(0)
+        self._buffer.truncate()
+        return [value] if value else []
+
+
+class TextChunker:
+    """
+    Handles returning text content in fixed-size chunks.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, chunk_size: int | None = None) -> None:
+        self._buffer = io.StringIO()
+        self._chunk_size = chunk_size
+
+    def decode(self, content: str) -> list[str]:
+        if self._chunk_size is None:
+            return [content] if content else []
+
+        self._buffer.write(content)
+        if self._buffer.tell() >= self._chunk_size:
+            value = self._buffer.getvalue()
+            chunks = [
+                value[i : i + self._chunk_size]
+                for i in range(0, len(value), self._chunk_size)
+            ]
+            if len(chunks[-1]) == self._chunk_size:
+                self._buffer.seek(0)
+                self._buffer.truncate()
+                return chunks
+            else:
+                self._buffer.seek(0)
+                self._buffer.write(chunks[-1])
+                self._buffer.truncate()
+                return chunks[:-1]
+        else:
+            return []
+
+    def flush(self) -> list[str]:
+        value = self._buffer.getvalue()
+        self._buffer.seek(0)
+        self._buffer.truncate()
+        return [value] if value else []
+
+
+class TextDecoder:
+    """
+    Handles incrementally decoding bytes into text
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, encoding: str = "utf-8") -> None:
+        self.decoder = codecs.getincrementaldecoder(encoding)(errors="replace")
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> str:
+        return self.decoder.decode(data)
+
+    def flush(self) -> str:
+        return self.decoder.decode(b"", True)
+
+
+class LineDecoder:
+    """
+    Handles incrementally reading lines from text.
+
+    Has the same behaviour as the stdllib splitlines,
+    but handling the input iteratively.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.buffer: list[str] = []
+        self.trailing_cr: bool = False
+
+    def decode(self, text: str) -> list[str]:
+        # See https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str.splitlines
+        NEWLINE_CHARS = "\n\r\x0b\x0c\x1c\x1d\x1e\x85\u2028\u2029"
+
+        # We always push a trailing `\r` into the next decode iteration.
+        if self.trailing_cr:
+            text = "\r" + text
+            self.trailing_cr = False
+        if text.endswith("\r"):
+            self.trailing_cr = True
+            text = text[:-1]
+
+        if not text:
+            # NOTE: the edge case input of empty text doesn't occur in practice,
+            # because other httpx internals filter out this value
+            return []  # pragma: no cover
+
+        trailing_newline = text[-1] in NEWLINE_CHARS
+        lines = text.splitlines()
+
+        if len(lines) == 1 and not trailing_newline:
+            # No new lines, buffer the input and continue.
+            self.buffer.append(lines[0])
+            return []
+
+        if self.buffer:
+            # Include any existing buffer in the first portion of the
+            # splitlines result.
+            lines = ["".join(self.buffer) + lines[0]] + lines[1:]
+            self.buffer = []
+
+        if not trailing_newline:
+            # If the last segment of splitlines is not newline terminated,
+            # then drop it from our output and start a new buffer.
+            self.buffer = [lines.pop()]
+
+        return lines
+
+    def flush(self) -> list[str]:
+        if not self.buffer and not self.trailing_cr:
+            return []
+
+        lines = ["".join(self.buffer)]
+        self.buffer = []
+        self.trailing_cr = False
+        return lines
+
+
+SUPPORTED_DECODERS = {
+    "identity": IdentityDecoder,
+    "gzip": GZipDecoder,
+    "deflate": DeflateDecoder,
+    "br": BrotliDecoder,
+    "zstd": ZStandardDecoder,
+}
+
+
+if brotli is None:
+    SUPPORTED_DECODERS.pop("br")  # pragma: no cover
+if zstandard is None:
+    SUPPORTED_DECODERS.pop("zstd")  # pragma: no cover

env/lib/python3.11/site-packages/httpx/_exceptions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+"""
+Our exception hierarchy:
+
+* HTTPError
+  x RequestError
+    + TransportError
+      - TimeoutException
+        · ConnectTimeout
+        · ReadTimeout
+        · WriteTimeout
+        · PoolTimeout
+      - NetworkError
+        · ConnectError
+        · ReadError
+        · WriteError
+        · CloseError
+      - ProtocolError
+        · LocalProtocolError
+        · RemoteProtocolError
+      - ProxyError
+      - UnsupportedProtocol
+    + DecodingError
+    + TooManyRedirects
+  x HTTPStatusError
+* InvalidURL
+* CookieConflict
+* StreamError
+  x StreamConsumed
+  x StreamClosed
+  x ResponseNotRead
+  x RequestNotRead
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import typing
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._models import Request, Response  # pragma: no cover
+
+__all__ = [
+    "CloseError",
+    "ConnectError",
+    "ConnectTimeout",
+    "CookieConflict",
+    "DecodingError",
+    "HTTPError",
+    "HTTPStatusError",
+    "InvalidURL",
+    "LocalProtocolError",
+    "NetworkError",
+    "PoolTimeout",
+    "ProtocolError",
+    "ProxyError",
+    "ReadError",
+    "ReadTimeout",
+    "RemoteProtocolError",
+    "RequestError",
+    "RequestNotRead",
+    "ResponseNotRead",
+    "StreamClosed",
+    "StreamConsumed",
+    "StreamError",
+    "TimeoutException",
+    "TooManyRedirects",
+    "TransportError",
+    "UnsupportedProtocol",
+    "WriteError",
+    "WriteTimeout",
+]
+
+
+class HTTPError(Exception):
+    """
+    Base class for `RequestError` and `HTTPStatusError`.
+
+    Useful for `try...except` blocks when issuing a request,
+    and then calling `.raise_for_status()`.
+
+    For example:
+
+    ```
+    try:
+        response = httpx.get("https://www.example.com")
+        response.raise_for_status()
+    except httpx.HTTPError as exc:
+        print(f"HTTP Exception for {exc.request.url} - {exc}")
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self._request: Request | None = None
+
+    @property
+    def request(self) -> Request:
+        if self._request is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("The .request property has not been set.")
+        return self._request
+
+    @request.setter
+    def request(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        self._request = request
+
+
+class RequestError(HTTPError):
+    """
+    Base class for all exceptions that may occur when issuing a `.request()`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, *, request: Request | None = None) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        # At the point an exception is raised we won't typically have a request
+        # instance to associate it with.
+        #
+        # The 'request_context' context manager is used within the Client and
+        # Response methods in order to ensure that any raised exceptions
+        # have a `.request` property set on them.
+        self._request = request
+
+
+class TransportError(RequestError):
+    """
+    Base class for all exceptions that occur at the level of the Transport API.
+    """
+
+
+# Timeout exceptions...
+
+
+class TimeoutException(TransportError):
+    """
+    The base class for timeout errors.
+
+    An operation has timed out.
+    """
+
+
+class ConnectTimeout(TimeoutException):
+    """
+    Timed out while connecting to the host.
+    """
+
+
+class ReadTimeout(TimeoutException):
+    """
+    Timed out while receiving data from the host.
+    """
+
+
+class WriteTimeout(TimeoutException):
+    """
+    Timed out while sending data to the host.
+    """
+
+
+class PoolTimeout(TimeoutException):
+    """
+    Timed out waiting to acquire a connection from the pool.
+    """
+
+
+# Core networking exceptions...
+
+
+class NetworkError(TransportError):
+    """
+    The base class for network-related errors.
+
+    An error occurred while interacting with the network.
+    """
+
+
+class ReadError(NetworkError):
+    """
+    Failed to receive data from the network.
+    """
+
+
+class WriteError(NetworkError):
+    """
+    Failed to send data through the network.
+    """
+
+
+class ConnectError(NetworkError):
+    """
+    Failed to establish a connection.
+    """
+
+
+class CloseError(NetworkError):
+    """
+    Failed to close a connection.
+    """
+
+
+# Other transport exceptions...
+
+
+class ProxyError(TransportError):
+    """
+    An error occurred while establishing a proxy connection.
+    """
+
+
+class UnsupportedProtocol(TransportError):
+    """
+    Attempted to make a request to an unsupported protocol.
+
+    For example issuing a request to `ftp://www.example.com`.
+    """
+
+
+class ProtocolError(TransportError):
+    """
+    The protocol was violated.
+    """
+
+
+class LocalProtocolError(ProtocolError):
+    """
+    A protocol was violated by the client.
+
+    For example if the user instantiated a `Request` instance explicitly,
+    failed to include the mandatory `Host:` header, and then issued it directly
+    using `client.send()`.
+    """
+
+
+class RemoteProtocolError(ProtocolError):
+    """
+    The protocol was violated by the server.
+
+    For example, returning malformed HTTP.
+    """
+
+
+# Other request exceptions...
+
+
+class DecodingError(RequestError):
+    """
+    Decoding of the response failed, due to a malformed encoding.
+    """
+
+
+class TooManyRedirects(RequestError):
+    """
+    Too many redirects.
+    """
+
+
+# Client errors
+
+
+class HTTPStatusError(HTTPError):
+    """
+    The response had an error HTTP status of 4xx or 5xx.
+
+    May be raised when calling `response.raise_for_status()`
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, *, request: Request, response: Response) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.request = request
+        self.response = response
+
+
+class InvalidURL(Exception):
+    """
+    URL is improperly formed or cannot be parsed.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class CookieConflict(Exception):
+    """
+    Attempted to lookup a cookie by name, but multiple cookies existed.
+
+    Can occur when calling `response.cookies.get(...)`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+# Stream exceptions...
+
+# These may occur as the result of a programming error, by accessing
+# the request/response stream in an invalid manner.
+
+
+class StreamError(RuntimeError):
+    """
+    The base class for stream exceptions.
+
+    The developer made an error in accessing the request stream in
+    an invalid way.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class StreamConsumed(StreamError):
+    """
+    Attempted to read or stream content, but the content has already
+    been streamed.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        message = (
+            "Attempted to read or stream some content, but the content has "
+            "already been streamed. For requests, this could be due to passing "
+            "a generator as request content, and then receiving a redirect "
+            "response or a secondary request as part of an authentication flow."
+            "For responses, this could be due to attempting to stream the response "
+            "content more than once."
+        )
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class StreamClosed(StreamError):
+    """
+    Attempted to read or stream response content, but the request has been
+    closed.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        message = (
+            "Attempted to read or stream content, but the stream has " "been closed."
+        )
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class ResponseNotRead(StreamError):
+    """
+    Attempted to access streaming response content, without having called `read()`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        message = (
+            "Attempted to access streaming response content,"
+            " without having called `read()`."
+        )
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class RequestNotRead(StreamError):
+    """
+    Attempted to access streaming request content, without having called `read()`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        message = (
+            "Attempted to access streaming request content,"
+            " without having called `read()`."
+        )
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def request_context(
+    request: Request | None = None,
+) -> typing.Iterator[None]:
+    """
+    A context manager that can be used to attach the given request context
+    to any `RequestError` exceptions that are raised within the block.
+    """
+    try:
+        yield
+    except RequestError as exc:
+        if request is not None:
+            exc.request = request
+        raise exc

env/lib/python3.11/site-packages/httpx/_main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,506 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+import json
+import sys
+import typing
+
+import click
+import pygments.lexers
+import pygments.util
+import rich.console
+import rich.markup
+import rich.progress
+import rich.syntax
+import rich.table
+
+from ._client import Client
+from ._exceptions import RequestError
+from ._models import Response
+from ._status_codes import codes
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import httpcore  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def print_help() -> None:
+    console = rich.console.Console()
+
+    console.print("[bold]HTTPX :butterfly:", justify="center")
+    console.print()
+    console.print("A next generation HTTP client.", justify="center")
+    console.print()
+    console.print(
+        "Usage: [bold]httpx[/bold] [cyan]<URL> [OPTIONS][/cyan] ", justify="left"
+    )
+    console.print()
+
+    table = rich.table.Table.grid(padding=1, pad_edge=True)
+    table.add_column("Parameter", no_wrap=True, justify="left", style="bold")
+    table.add_column("Description")
+    table.add_row(
+        "-m, --method [cyan]METHOD",
+        "Request method, such as GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, OPTIONS, HEAD.\n"
+        "[Default: GET, or POST if a request body is included]",
+    )
+    table.add_row(
+        "-p, --params [cyan]<NAME VALUE> ...",
+        "Query parameters to include in the request URL.",
+    )
+    table.add_row(
+        "-c, --content [cyan]TEXT", "Byte content to include in the request body."
+    )
+    table.add_row(
+        "-d, --data [cyan]<NAME VALUE> ...", "Form data to include in the request body."
+    )
+    table.add_row(
+        "-f, --files [cyan]<NAME FILENAME> ...",
+        "Form files to include in the request body.",
+    )
+    table.add_row("-j, --json [cyan]TEXT", "JSON data to include in the request body.")
+    table.add_row(
+        "-h, --headers [cyan]<NAME VALUE> ...",
+        "Include additional HTTP headers in the request.",
+    )
+    table.add_row(
+        "--cookies [cyan]<NAME VALUE> ...", "Cookies to include in the request."
+    )
+    table.add_row(
+        "--auth [cyan]<USER PASS>",
+        "Username and password to include in the request. Specify '-' for the password"
+        " to use a password prompt. Note that using --verbose/-v will expose"
+        " the Authorization header, including the password encoding"
+        " in a trivially reversible format.",
+    )
+
+    table.add_row(
+        "--proxy [cyan]URL",
+        "Send the request via a proxy. Should be the URL giving the proxy address.",
+    )
+
+    table.add_row(
+        "--timeout [cyan]FLOAT",
+        "Timeout value to use for network operations, such as establishing the"
+        " connection, reading some data, etc... [Default: 5.0]",
+    )
+
+    table.add_row("--follow-redirects", "Automatically follow redirects.")
+    table.add_row("--no-verify", "Disable SSL verification.")
+    table.add_row(
+        "--http2", "Send the request using HTTP/2, if the remote server supports it."
+    )
+
+    table.add_row(
+        "--download [cyan]FILE",
+        "Save the response content as a file, rather than displaying it.",
+    )
+
+    table.add_row("-v, --verbose", "Verbose output. Show request as well as response.")
+    table.add_row("--help", "Show this message and exit.")
+    console.print(table)
+
+
+def get_lexer_for_response(response: Response) -> str:
+    content_type = response.headers.get("Content-Type")
+    if content_type is not None:
+        mime_type, _, _ = content_type.partition(";")
+        try:
+            return typing.cast(
+                str, pygments.lexers.get_lexer_for_mimetype(mime_type.strip()).name
+            )
+        except pygments.util.ClassNotFound:  # pragma: no cover
+            pass
+    return ""  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def format_request_headers(request: httpcore.Request, http2: bool = False) -> str:
+    version = "HTTP/2" if http2 else "HTTP/1.1"
+    headers = [
+        (name.lower() if http2 else name, value) for name, value in request.headers
+    ]
+    method = request.method.decode("ascii")
+    target = request.url.target.decode("ascii")
+    lines = [f"{method} {target} {version}"] + [
+        f"{name.decode('ascii')}: {value.decode('ascii')}" for name, value in headers
+    ]
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+def format_response_headers(
+    http_version: bytes,
+    status: int,
+    reason_phrase: bytes | None,
+    headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]],
+) -> str:
+    version = http_version.decode("ascii")
+    reason = (
+        codes.get_reason_phrase(status)
+        if reason_phrase is None
+        else reason_phrase.decode("ascii")
+    )
+    lines = [f"{version} {status} {reason}"] + [
+        f"{name.decode('ascii')}: {value.decode('ascii')}" for name, value in headers
+    ]
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+def print_request_headers(request: httpcore.Request, http2: bool = False) -> None:
+    console = rich.console.Console()
+    http_text = format_request_headers(request, http2=http2)
+    syntax = rich.syntax.Syntax(http_text, "http", theme="ansi_dark", word_wrap=True)
+    console.print(syntax)
+    syntax = rich.syntax.Syntax("", "http", theme="ansi_dark", word_wrap=True)
+    console.print(syntax)
+
+
+def print_response_headers(
+    http_version: bytes,
+    status: int,
+    reason_phrase: bytes | None,
+    headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]],
+) -> None:
+    console = rich.console.Console()
+    http_text = format_response_headers(http_version, status, reason_phrase, headers)
+    syntax = rich.syntax.Syntax(http_text, "http", theme="ansi_dark", word_wrap=True)
+    console.print(syntax)
+    syntax = rich.syntax.Syntax("", "http", theme="ansi_dark", word_wrap=True)
+    console.print(syntax)
+
+
+def print_response(response: Response) -> None:
+    console = rich.console.Console()
+    lexer_name = get_lexer_for_response(response)
+    if lexer_name:
+        if lexer_name.lower() == "json":
+            try:
+                data = response.json()
+                text = json.dumps(data, indent=4)
+            except ValueError:  # pragma: no cover
+                text = response.text
+        else:
+            text = response.text
+
+        syntax = rich.syntax.Syntax(text, lexer_name, theme="ansi_dark", word_wrap=True)
+        console.print(syntax)
+    else:
+        console.print(f"<{len(response.content)} bytes of binary data>")
+
+
+_PCTRTT = typing.Tuple[typing.Tuple[str, str], ...]
+_PCTRTTT = typing.Tuple[_PCTRTT, ...]
+_PeerCertRetDictType = typing.Dict[str, typing.Union[str, _PCTRTTT, _PCTRTT]]
+
+
+def format_certificate(cert: _PeerCertRetDictType) -> str:  # pragma: no cover
+    lines = []
+    for key, value in cert.items():
+        if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+            lines.append(f"*   {key}:")
+            for item in value:
+                if key in ("subject", "issuer"):
+                    for sub_item in item:
+                        lines.append(f"*     {sub_item[0]}: {sub_item[1]!r}")
+                elif isinstance(item, tuple) and len(item) == 2:
+                    lines.append(f"*     {item[0]}: {item[1]!r}")
+                else:
+                    lines.append(f"*     {item!r}")
+        else:
+            lines.append(f"*   {key}: {value!r}")
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+def trace(
+    name: str, info: typing.Mapping[str, typing.Any], verbose: bool = False
+) -> None:
+    console = rich.console.Console()
+    if name == "connection.connect_tcp.started" and verbose:
+        host = info["host"]
+        console.print(f"* Connecting to {host!r}")
+    elif name == "connection.connect_tcp.complete" and verbose:
+        stream = info["return_value"]
+        server_addr = stream.get_extra_info("server_addr")
+        console.print(f"* Connected to {server_addr[0]!r} on port {server_addr[1]}")
+    elif name == "connection.start_tls.complete" and verbose:  # pragma: no cover
+        stream = info["return_value"]
+        ssl_object = stream.get_extra_info("ssl_object")
+        version = ssl_object.version()
+        cipher = ssl_object.cipher()
+        server_cert = ssl_object.getpeercert()
+        alpn = ssl_object.selected_alpn_protocol()
+        console.print(f"* SSL established using {version!r} / {cipher[0]!r}")
+        console.print(f"* Selected ALPN protocol: {alpn!r}")
+        if server_cert:
+            console.print("* Server certificate:")
+            console.print(format_certificate(server_cert))
+    elif name == "http11.send_request_headers.started" and verbose:
+        request = info["request"]
+        print_request_headers(request, http2=False)
+    elif name == "http2.send_request_headers.started" and verbose:  # pragma: no cover
+        request = info["request"]
+        print_request_headers(request, http2=True)
+    elif name == "http11.receive_response_headers.complete":
+        http_version, status, reason_phrase, headers = info["return_value"]
+        print_response_headers(http_version, status, reason_phrase, headers)
+    elif name == "http2.receive_response_headers.complete":  # pragma: no cover
+        status, headers = info["return_value"]
+        http_version = b"HTTP/2"
+        reason_phrase = None
+        print_response_headers(http_version, status, reason_phrase, headers)
+
+
+def download_response(response: Response, download: typing.BinaryIO) -> None:
+    console = rich.console.Console()
+    console.print()
+    content_length = response.headers.get("Content-Length")
+    with rich.progress.Progress(
+        "[progress.description]{task.description}",
+        "[progress.percentage]{task.percentage:>3.0f}%",
+        rich.progress.BarColumn(bar_width=None),
+        rich.progress.DownloadColumn(),
+        rich.progress.TransferSpeedColumn(),
+    ) as progress:
+        description = f"Downloading [bold]{rich.markup.escape(download.name)}"
+        download_task = progress.add_task(
+            description,
+            total=int(content_length or 0),
+            start=content_length is not None,
+        )
+        for chunk in response.iter_bytes():
+            download.write(chunk)
+            progress.update(download_task, completed=response.num_bytes_downloaded)
+
+
+def validate_json(
+    ctx: click.Context,
+    param: click.Option | click.Parameter,
+    value: typing.Any,
+) -> typing.Any:
+    if value is None:
+        return None
+
+    try:
+        return json.loads(value)
+    except json.JSONDecodeError:  # pragma: no cover
+        raise click.BadParameter("Not valid JSON")
+
+
+def validate_auth(
+    ctx: click.Context,
+    param: click.Option | click.Parameter,
+    value: typing.Any,
+) -> typing.Any:
+    if value == (None, None):
+        return None
+
+    username, password = value
+    if password == "-":  # pragma: no cover
+        password = click.prompt("Password", hide_input=True)
+    return (username, password)
+
+
+def handle_help(
+    ctx: click.Context,
+    param: click.Option | click.Parameter,
+    value: typing.Any,
+) -> None:
+    if not value or ctx.resilient_parsing:
+        return
+
+    print_help()
+    ctx.exit()
+
+
+@click.command(add_help_option=False)
+@click.argument("url", type=str)
+@click.option(
+    "--method",
+    "-m",
+    "method",
+    type=str,
+    help=(
+        "Request method, such as GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, OPTIONS, HEAD. "
+        "[Default: GET, or POST if a request body is included]"
+    ),
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--params",
+    "-p",
+    "params",
+    type=(str, str),
+    multiple=True,
+    help="Query parameters to include in the request URL.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--content",
+    "-c",
+    "content",
+    type=str,
+    help="Byte content to include in the request body.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--data",
+    "-d",
+    "data",
+    type=(str, str),
+    multiple=True,
+    help="Form data to include in the request body.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--files",
+    "-f",
+    "files",
+    type=(str, click.File(mode="rb")),
+    multiple=True,
+    help="Form files to include in the request body.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--json",
+    "-j",
+    "json",
+    type=str,
+    callback=validate_json,
+    help="JSON data to include in the request body.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--headers",
+    "-h",
+    "headers",
+    type=(str, str),
+    multiple=True,
+    help="Include additional HTTP headers in the request.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--cookies",
+    "cookies",
+    type=(str, str),
+    multiple=True,
+    help="Cookies to include in the request.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--auth",
+    "auth",
+    type=(str, str),
+    default=(None, None),
+    callback=validate_auth,
+    help=(
+        "Username and password to include in the request. "
+        "Specify '-' for the password to use a password prompt. "
+        "Note that using --verbose/-v will expose the Authorization header, "
+        "including the password encoding in a trivially reversible format."
+    ),
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--proxy",
+    "proxy",
+    type=str,
+    default=None,
+    help="Send the request via a proxy. Should be the URL giving the proxy address.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--timeout",
+    "timeout",
+    type=float,
+    default=5.0,
+    help=(
+        "Timeout value to use for network operations, such as establishing the "
+        "connection, reading some data, etc... [Default: 5.0]"
+    ),
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--follow-redirects",
+    "follow_redirects",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=False,
+    help="Automatically follow redirects.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--no-verify",
+    "verify",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=True,
+    help="Disable SSL verification.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--http2",
+    "http2",
+    type=bool,
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=False,
+    help="Send the request using HTTP/2, if the remote server supports it.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--download",
+    type=click.File("wb"),
+    help="Save the response content as a file, rather than displaying it.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--verbose",
+    "-v",
+    type=bool,
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=False,
+    help="Verbose. Show request as well as response.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--help",
+    is_flag=True,
+    is_eager=True,
+    expose_value=False,
+    callback=handle_help,
+    help="Show this message and exit.",
+)
+def main(
+    url: str,
+    method: str,
+    params: list[tuple[str, str]],
+    content: str,
+    data: list[tuple[str, str]],
+    files: list[tuple[str, click.File]],
+    json: str,
+    headers: list[tuple[str, str]],
+    cookies: list[tuple[str, str]],
+    auth: tuple[str, str] | None,
+    proxy: str,
+    timeout: float,
+    follow_redirects: bool,
+    verify: bool,
+    http2: bool,
+    download: typing.BinaryIO | None,
+    verbose: bool,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    An HTTP command line client.
+    Sends a request and displays the response.
+    """
+    if not method:
+        method = "POST" if content or data or files or json else "GET"
+
+    try:
+        with Client(proxy=proxy, timeout=timeout, http2=http2, verify=verify) as client:
+            with client.stream(
+                method,
+                url,
+                params=list(params),
+                content=content,
+                data=dict(data),
+                files=files,  # type: ignore
+                json=json,
+                headers=headers,
+                cookies=dict(cookies),
+                auth=auth,
+                follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+                extensions={"trace": functools.partial(trace, verbose=verbose)},
+            ) as response:
+                if download is not None:
+                    download_response(response, download)
+                else:
+                    response.read()
+                    if response.content:
+                        print_response(response)
+
+    except RequestError as exc:
+        console = rich.console.Console()
+        console.print(f"[red]{type(exc).__name__}[/red]: {exc}")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    sys.exit(0 if response.is_success else 1)

env/lib/python3.11/site-packages/httpx/_multipart.py

@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import io
+import mimetypes
+import os
+import re
+import typing
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from ._types import (
+    AsyncByteStream,
+    FileContent,
+    FileTypes,
+    RequestData,
+    RequestFiles,
+    SyncByteStream,
+)
+from ._utils import (
+    peek_filelike_length,
+    primitive_value_to_str,
+    to_bytes,
+)
+
+_HTML5_FORM_ENCODING_REPLACEMENTS = {'"': "%22", "\\": "\\\\"}
+_HTML5_FORM_ENCODING_REPLACEMENTS.update(
+    {chr(c): "%{:02X}".format(c) for c in range(0x1F + 1) if c != 0x1B}
+)
+_HTML5_FORM_ENCODING_RE = re.compile(
+    r"|".join([re.escape(c) for c in _HTML5_FORM_ENCODING_REPLACEMENTS.keys()])
+)
+
+
+def _format_form_param(name: str, value: str) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Encode a name/value pair within a multipart form.
+    """
+
+    def replacer(match: typing.Match[str]) -> str:
+        return _HTML5_FORM_ENCODING_REPLACEMENTS[match.group(0)]
+
+    value = _HTML5_FORM_ENCODING_RE.sub(replacer, value)
+    return f'{name}="{value}"'.encode()
+
+
+def _guess_content_type(filename: str | None) -> str | None:
+    """
+    Guesses the mimetype based on a filename. Defaults to `application/octet-stream`.
+
+    Returns `None` if `filename` is `None` or empty.
+    """
+    if filename:
+        return mimetypes.guess_type(filename)[0] or "application/octet-stream"
+    return None
+
+
+def get_multipart_boundary_from_content_type(
+    content_type: bytes | None,
+) -> bytes | None:
+    if not content_type or not content_type.startswith(b"multipart/form-data"):
+        return None
+    # parse boundary according to
+    # https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2046#section-5.1.1
+    if b";" in content_type:
+        for section in content_type.split(b";"):
+            if section.strip().lower().startswith(b"boundary="):
+                return section.strip()[len(b"boundary=") :].strip(b'"')
+    return None
+
+
+class DataField:
+    """
+    A single form field item, within a multipart form field.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, value: str | bytes | int | float | None) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(name, str):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"Invalid type for name. Expected str, got {type(name)}: {name!r}"
+            )
+        if value is not None and not isinstance(value, (str, bytes, int, float)):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Invalid type for value. Expected primitive type,"
+                f" got {type(value)}: {value!r}"
+            )
+        self.name = name
+        self.value: str | bytes = (
+            value if isinstance(value, bytes) else primitive_value_to_str(value)
+        )
+
+    def render_headers(self) -> bytes:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_headers"):
+            name = _format_form_param("name", self.name)
+            self._headers = b"".join(
+                [b"Content-Disposition: form-data; ", name, b"\r\n\r\n"]
+            )
+
+        return self._headers
+
+    def render_data(self) -> bytes:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_data"):
+            self._data = to_bytes(self.value)
+
+        return self._data
+
+    def get_length(self) -> int:
+        headers = self.render_headers()
+        data = self.render_data()
+        return len(headers) + len(data)
+
+    def render(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        yield self.render_headers()
+        yield self.render_data()
+
+
+class FileField:
+    """
+    A single file field item, within a multipart form field.
+    """
+
+    CHUNK_SIZE = 64 * 1024
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, value: FileTypes) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+
+        fileobj: FileContent
+
+        headers: dict[str, str] = {}
+        content_type: str | None = None
+
+        # This large tuple based API largely mirror's requests' API
+        # It would be good to think of better APIs for this that we could
+        # include in httpx 2.0 since variable length tuples(especially of 4 elements)
+        # are quite unwieldly
+        if isinstance(value, tuple):
+            if len(value) == 2:
+                # neither the 3rd parameter (content_type) nor the 4th (headers)
+                # was included
+                filename, fileobj = value
+            elif len(value) == 3:
+                filename, fileobj, content_type = value
+            else:
+                # all 4 parameters included
+                filename, fileobj, content_type, headers = value  # type: ignore
+        else:
+            filename = Path(str(getattr(value, "name", "upload"))).name
+            fileobj = value
+
+        if content_type is None:
+            content_type = _guess_content_type(filename)
+
+        has_content_type_header = any("content-type" in key.lower() for key in headers)
+        if content_type is not None and not has_content_type_header:
+            # note that unlike requests, we ignore the content_type provided in the 3rd
+            # tuple element if it is also included in the headers requests does
+            # the opposite (it overwrites the headerwith the 3rd tuple element)
+            headers["Content-Type"] = content_type
+
+        if isinstance(fileobj, io.StringIO):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Multipart file uploads require 'io.BytesIO', not 'io.StringIO'."
+            )
+        if isinstance(fileobj, io.TextIOBase):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Multipart file uploads must be opened in binary mode, not text mode."
+            )
+
+        self.filename = filename
+        self.file = fileobj
+        self.headers = headers
+
+    def get_length(self) -> int | None:
+        headers = self.render_headers()
+
+        if isinstance(self.file, (str, bytes)):
+            return len(headers) + len(to_bytes(self.file))
+
+        file_length = peek_filelike_length(self.file)
+
+        # If we can't determine the filesize without reading it into memory,
+        # then return `None` here, to indicate an unknown file length.
+        if file_length is None:
+            return None
+
+        return len(headers) + file_length
+
+    def render_headers(self) -> bytes:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_headers"):
+            parts = [
+                b"Content-Disposition: form-data; ",
+                _format_form_param("name", self.name),
+            ]
+            if self.filename:
+                filename = _format_form_param("filename", self.filename)
+                parts.extend([b"; ", filename])
+            for header_name, header_value in self.headers.items():
+                key, val = f"\r\n{header_name}: ".encode(), header_value.encode()
+                parts.extend([key, val])
+            parts.append(b"\r\n\r\n")
+            self._headers = b"".join(parts)
+
+        return self._headers
+
+    def render_data(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        if isinstance(self.file, (str, bytes)):
+            yield to_bytes(self.file)
+            return
+
+        if hasattr(self.file, "seek"):
+            try:
+                self.file.seek(0)
+            except io.UnsupportedOperation:
+                pass
+
+        chunk = self.file.read(self.CHUNK_SIZE)
+        while chunk:
+            yield to_bytes(chunk)
+            chunk = self.file.read(self.CHUNK_SIZE)
+
+    def render(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        yield self.render_headers()
+        yield from self.render_data()
+
+
+class MultipartStream(SyncByteStream, AsyncByteStream):
+    """
+    Request content as streaming multipart encoded form data.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        data: RequestData,
+        files: RequestFiles,
+        boundary: bytes | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if boundary is None:
+            boundary = os.urandom(16).hex().encode("ascii")
+
+        self.boundary = boundary
+        self.content_type = "multipart/form-data; boundary=%s" % boundary.decode(
+            "ascii"
+        )
+        self.fields = list(self._iter_fields(data, files))
+
+    def _iter_fields(
+        self, data: RequestData, files: RequestFiles
+    ) -> typing.Iterator[FileField | DataField]:
+        for name, value in data.items():
+            if isinstance(value, (tuple, list)):
+                for item in value:
+                    yield DataField(name=name, value=item)
+            else:
+                yield DataField(name=name, value=value)
+
+        file_items = files.items() if isinstance(files, typing.Mapping) else files
+        for name, value in file_items:
+            yield FileField(name=name, value=value)
+
+    def iter_chunks(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        for field in self.fields:
+            yield b"--%s\r\n" % self.boundary
+            yield from field.render()
+            yield b"\r\n"
+        yield b"--%s--\r\n" % self.boundary
+
+    def get_content_length(self) -> int | None:
+        """
+        Return the length of the multipart encoded content, or `None` if
+        any of the files have a length that cannot be determined upfront.
+        """
+        boundary_length = len(self.boundary)
+        length = 0
+
+        for field in self.fields:
+            field_length = field.get_length()
+            if field_length is None:
+                return None
+
+            length += 2 + boundary_length + 2  # b"--{boundary}\r\n"
+            length += field_length
+            length += 2  # b"\r\n"
+
+        length += 2 + boundary_length + 4  # b"--{boundary}--\r\n"
+        return length
+
+    # Content stream interface.
+
+    def get_headers(self) -> dict[str, str]:
+        content_length = self.get_content_length()
+        content_type = self.content_type
+        if content_length is None:
+            return {"Transfer-Encoding": "chunked", "Content-Type": content_type}
+        return {"Content-Length": str(content_length), "Content-Type": content_type}
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        for chunk in self.iter_chunks():
+            yield chunk
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        for chunk in self.iter_chunks():
+            yield chunk

env/lib/python3.11/site-packages/httpx/_status_codes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from enum import IntEnum
+
+__all__ = ["codes"]
+
+
+class codes(IntEnum):
+    """HTTP status codes and reason phrases
+
+    Status codes from the following RFCs are all observed:
+
+        * RFC 7231: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1), obsoletes 2616
+        * RFC 6585: Additional HTTP Status Codes
+        * RFC 3229: Delta encoding in HTTP
+        * RFC 4918: HTTP Extensions for WebDAV, obsoletes 2518
+        * RFC 5842: Binding Extensions to WebDAV
+        * RFC 7238: Permanent Redirect
+        * RFC 2295: Transparent Content Negotiation in HTTP
+        * RFC 2774: An HTTP Extension Framework
+        * RFC 7540: Hypertext Transfer Protocol Version 2 (HTTP/2)
+        * RFC 2324: Hyper Text Coffee Pot Control Protocol (HTCPCP/1.0)
+        * RFC 7725: An HTTP Status Code to Report Legal Obstacles
+        * RFC 8297: An HTTP Status Code for Indicating Hints
+        * RFC 8470: Using Early Data in HTTP
+    """
+
+    def __new__(cls, value: int, phrase: str = "") -> codes:
+        obj = int.__new__(cls, value)
+        obj._value_ = value
+
+        obj.phrase = phrase  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        return obj
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self.value)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_reason_phrase(cls, value: int) -> str:
+        try:
+            return codes(value).phrase  # type: ignore
+        except ValueError:
+            return ""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_informational(cls, value: int) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns `True` for 1xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return 100 <= value <= 199
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_success(cls, value: int) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns `True` for 2xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return 200 <= value <= 299
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_redirect(cls, value: int) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns `True` for 3xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return 300 <= value <= 399
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_client_error(cls, value: int) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns `True` for 4xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return 400 <= value <= 499
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_server_error(cls, value: int) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns `True` for 5xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return 500 <= value <= 599
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_error(cls, value: int) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns `True` for 4xx or 5xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return 400 <= value <= 599
+
+    # informational
+    CONTINUE = 100, "Continue"
+    SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101, "Switching Protocols"
+    PROCESSING = 102, "Processing"
+    EARLY_HINTS = 103, "Early Hints"
+
+    # success
+    OK = 200, "OK"
+    CREATED = 201, "Created"
+    ACCEPTED = 202, "Accepted"
+    NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203, "Non-Authoritative Information"
+    NO_CONTENT = 204, "No Content"
+    RESET_CONTENT = 205, "Reset Content"
+    PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206, "Partial Content"
+    MULTI_STATUS = 207, "Multi-Status"
+    ALREADY_REPORTED = 208, "Already Reported"
+    IM_USED = 226, "IM Used"
+
+    # redirection
+    MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300, "Multiple Choices"
+    MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301, "Moved Permanently"
+    FOUND = 302, "Found"
+    SEE_OTHER = 303, "See Other"
+    NOT_MODIFIED = 304, "Not Modified"
+    USE_PROXY = 305, "Use Proxy"
+    TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307, "Temporary Redirect"
+    PERMANENT_REDIRECT = 308, "Permanent Redirect"
+
+    # client error
+    BAD_REQUEST = 400, "Bad Request"
+    UNAUTHORIZED = 401, "Unauthorized"
+    PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402, "Payment Required"
+    FORBIDDEN = 403, "Forbidden"
+    NOT_FOUND = 404, "Not Found"
+    METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405, "Method Not Allowed"
+    NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406, "Not Acceptable"
+    PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407, "Proxy Authentication Required"
+    REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408, "Request Timeout"
+    CONFLICT = 409, "Conflict"
+    GONE = 410, "Gone"
+    LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411, "Length Required"
+    PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412, "Precondition Failed"
+    REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413, "Request Entity Too Large"
+    REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414, "Request-URI Too Long"
+    UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415, "Unsupported Media Type"
+    REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416, "Requested Range Not Satisfiable"
+    EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417, "Expectation Failed"
+    IM_A_TEAPOT = 418, "I'm a teapot"
+    MISDIRECTED_REQUEST = 421, "Misdirected Request"
+    UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY = 422, "Unprocessable Entity"
+    LOCKED = 423, "Locked"
+    FAILED_DEPENDENCY = 424, "Failed Dependency"
+    TOO_EARLY = 425, "Too Early"
+    UPGRADE_REQUIRED = 426, "Upgrade Required"
+    PRECONDITION_REQUIRED = 428, "Precondition Required"
+    TOO_MANY_REQUESTS = 429, "Too Many Requests"
+    REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE = 431, "Request Header Fields Too Large"
+    UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS = 451, "Unavailable For Legal Reasons"
+
+    # server errors
+    INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500, "Internal Server Error"
+    NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501, "Not Implemented"
+    BAD_GATEWAY = 502, "Bad Gateway"
+    SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503, "Service Unavailable"
+    GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504, "Gateway Timeout"
+    HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505, "HTTP Version Not Supported"
+    VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES = 506, "Variant Also Negotiates"
+    INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE = 507, "Insufficient Storage"
+    LOOP_DETECTED = 508, "Loop Detected"
+    NOT_EXTENDED = 510, "Not Extended"
+    NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 511, "Network Authentication Required"
+
+
+# Include lower-case styles for `requests` compatibility.
+for code in codes:
+    setattr(codes, code._name_.lower(), int(code))

env/lib/python3.11/site-packages/httpx/_transports/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from .asgi import *
+from .base import *
+from .default import *
+from .mock import *
+from .wsgi import *
+
+__all__ = [
+    "ASGITransport",
+    "AsyncBaseTransport",
+    "BaseTransport",
+    "AsyncHTTPTransport",
+    "HTTPTransport",
+    "MockTransport",
+    "WSGITransport",
+]

env/lib/python3.11/site-packages/httpx/_transports/asgi.py

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+
+from .._models import Request, Response
+from .._types import AsyncByteStream
+from .base import AsyncBaseTransport
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    import asyncio
+
+    import trio
+
+    Event = typing.Union[asyncio.Event, trio.Event]
+
+
+_Message = typing.MutableMapping[str, typing.Any]
+_Receive = typing.Callable[[], typing.Awaitable[_Message]]
+_Send = typing.Callable[
+    [typing.MutableMapping[str, typing.Any]], typing.Awaitable[None]
+]
+_ASGIApp = typing.Callable[
+    [typing.MutableMapping[str, typing.Any], _Receive, _Send], typing.Awaitable[None]
+]
+
+__all__ = ["ASGITransport"]
+
+
+def is_running_trio() -> bool:
+    try:
+        # sniffio is a dependency of trio.
+
+        # See https://github.com/python-trio/trio/issues/2802
+        import sniffio
+
+        if sniffio.current_async_library() == "trio":
+            return True
+    except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
+        pass
+
+    return False
+
+
+def create_event() -> Event:
+    if is_running_trio():
+        import trio
+
+        return trio.Event()
+
+    import asyncio
+
+    return asyncio.Event()
+
+
+class ASGIResponseStream(AsyncByteStream):
+    def __init__(self, body: list[bytes]) -> None:
+        self._body = body
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        yield b"".join(self._body)
+
+
+class ASGITransport(AsyncBaseTransport):
+    """
+    A custom AsyncTransport that handles sending requests directly to an ASGI app.
+
+    ```python
+    transport = httpx.ASGITransport(
+        app=app,
+        root_path="/submount",
+        client=("1.2.3.4", 123)
+    )
+    client = httpx.AsyncClient(transport=transport)
+    ```
+
+    Arguments:
+
+    * `app` - The ASGI application.
+    * `raise_app_exceptions` - Boolean indicating if exceptions in the application
+       should be raised. Default to `True`. Can be set to `False` for use cases
+       such as testing the content of a client 500 response.
+    * `root_path` - The root path on which the ASGI application should be mounted.
+    * `client` - A two-tuple indicating the client IP and port of incoming requests.
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: _ASGIApp,
+        raise_app_exceptions: bool = True,
+        root_path: str = "",
+        client: tuple[str, int] = ("127.0.0.1", 123),
+    ) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.raise_app_exceptions = raise_app_exceptions
+        self.root_path = root_path
+        self.client = client
+
+    async def handle_async_request(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> Response:
+        assert isinstance(request.stream, AsyncByteStream)
+
+        # ASGI scope.
+        scope = {
+            "type": "http",
+            "asgi": {"version": "3.0"},
+            "http_version": "1.1",
+            "method": request.method,
+            "headers": [(k.lower(), v) for (k, v) in request.headers.raw],
+            "scheme": request.url.scheme,
+            "path": request.url.path,
+            "raw_path": request.url.raw_path.split(b"?")[0],
+            "query_string": request.url.query,
+            "server": (request.url.host, request.url.port),
+            "client": self.client,
+            "root_path": self.root_path,
+        }
+
+        # Request.
+        request_body_chunks = request.stream.__aiter__()
+        request_complete = False
+
+        # Response.
+        status_code = None
+        response_headers = None
+        body_parts = []
+        response_started = False
+        response_complete = create_event()
+
+        # ASGI callables.
+
+        async def receive() -> dict[str, typing.Any]:
+            nonlocal request_complete
+
+            if request_complete:
+                await response_complete.wait()
+                return {"type": "http.disconnect"}
+
+            try:
+                body = await request_body_chunks.__anext__()
+            except StopAsyncIteration:
+                request_complete = True
+                return {"type": "http.request", "body": b"", "more_body": False}
+            return {"type": "http.request", "body": body, "more_body": True}
+
+        async def send(message: typing.MutableMapping[str, typing.Any]) -> None:
+            nonlocal status_code, response_headers, response_started
+
+            if message["type"] == "http.response.start":
+                assert not response_started
+
+                status_code = message["status"]
+                response_headers = message.get("headers", [])
+                response_started = True
+
+            elif message["type"] == "http.response.body":
+                assert not response_complete.is_set()
+                body = message.get("body", b"")
+                more_body = message.get("more_body", False)
+
+                if body and request.method != "HEAD":
+                    body_parts.append(body)
+
+                if not more_body:
+                    response_complete.set()
+
+        try:
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+        except Exception:  # noqa: PIE-786
+            if self.raise_app_exceptions:
+                raise
+
+            response_complete.set()
+            if status_code is None:
+                status_code = 500
+            if response_headers is None:
+                response_headers = {}
+
+        assert response_complete.is_set()
+        assert status_code is not None
+        assert response_headers is not None
+
+        stream = ASGIResponseStream(body_parts)
+
+        return Response(status_code, headers=response_headers, stream=stream)

env/lib/python3.11/site-packages/httpx/_transports/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+from types import TracebackType
+
+from .._models import Request, Response
+
+T = typing.TypeVar("T", bound="BaseTransport")
+A = typing.TypeVar("A", bound="AsyncBaseTransport")
+
+__all__ = ["AsyncBaseTransport", "BaseTransport"]
+
+
+class BaseTransport:
+    def __enter__(self: T) -> T:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a single HTTP request and return a response.
+
+        Developers shouldn't typically ever need to call into this API directly,
+        since the Client class provides all the higher level user-facing API
+        niceties.
+
+        In order to properly release any network resources, the response
+        stream should *either* be consumed immediately, with a call to
+        `response.stream.read()`, or else the `handle_request` call should
+        be followed with a try/finally block to ensuring the stream is
+        always closed.
+
+        Example usage:
+
+            with httpx.HTTPTransport() as transport:
+                req = httpx.Request(
+                    method=b"GET",
+                    url=(b"https", b"www.example.com", 443, b"/"),
+                    headers=[(b"Host", b"www.example.com")],
+                )
+                resp = transport.handle_request(req)
+                body = resp.stream.read()
+                print(resp.status_code, resp.headers, body)
+
+
+        Takes a `Request` instance as the only argument.
+
+        Returns a `Response` instance.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "The 'handle_request' method must be implemented."
+        )  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+class AsyncBaseTransport:
+    async def __aenter__(self: A) -> A:
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.aclose()
+
+    async def handle_async_request(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> Response:
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "The 'handle_async_request' method must be implemented."
+        )  # pragma: no cover
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        pass

env/lib/python3.11/site-packages/httpx/_transports/default.py

@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+"""
+Custom transports, with nicely configured defaults.
+
+The following additional keyword arguments are currently supported by httpcore...
+
+* uds: str
+* local_address: str
+* retries: int
+
+Example usages...
+
+# Disable HTTP/2 on a single specific domain.
+mounts = {
+    "all://": httpx.HTTPTransport(http2=True),
+    "all://*example.org": httpx.HTTPTransport()
+}
+
+# Using advanced httpcore configuration, with connection retries.
+transport = httpx.HTTPTransport(retries=1)
+client = httpx.Client(transport=transport)
+
+# Using advanced httpcore configuration, with unix domain sockets.
+transport = httpx.HTTPTransport(uds="socket.uds")
+client = httpx.Client(transport=transport)
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import typing
+from types import TracebackType
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import ssl  # pragma: no cover
+
+    import httpx  # pragma: no cover
+
+from .._config import DEFAULT_LIMITS, Limits, Proxy, create_ssl_context
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    LocalProtocolError,
+    NetworkError,
+    PoolTimeout,
+    ProtocolError,
+    ProxyError,
+    ReadError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    RemoteProtocolError,
+    TimeoutException,
+    UnsupportedProtocol,
+    WriteError,
+    WriteTimeout,
+)
+from .._models import Request, Response
+from .._types import AsyncByteStream, CertTypes, ProxyTypes, SyncByteStream
+from .._urls import URL
+from .base import AsyncBaseTransport, BaseTransport
+
+T = typing.TypeVar("T", bound="HTTPTransport")
+A = typing.TypeVar("A", bound="AsyncHTTPTransport")
+
+SOCKET_OPTION = typing.Union[
+    typing.Tuple[int, int, int],
+    typing.Tuple[int, int, typing.Union[bytes, bytearray]],
+    typing.Tuple[int, int, None, int],
+]
+
+__all__ = ["AsyncHTTPTransport", "HTTPTransport"]
+
+HTTPCORE_EXC_MAP: dict[type[Exception], type[httpx.HTTPError]] = {}
+
+
+def _load_httpcore_exceptions() -> dict[type[Exception], type[httpx.HTTPError]]:
+    import httpcore
+
+    return {
+        httpcore.TimeoutException: TimeoutException,
+        httpcore.ConnectTimeout: ConnectTimeout,
+        httpcore.ReadTimeout: ReadTimeout,
+        httpcore.WriteTimeout: WriteTimeout,
+        httpcore.PoolTimeout: PoolTimeout,
+        httpcore.NetworkError: NetworkError,
+        httpcore.ConnectError: ConnectError,
+        httpcore.ReadError: ReadError,
+        httpcore.WriteError: WriteError,
+        httpcore.ProxyError: ProxyError,
+        httpcore.UnsupportedProtocol: UnsupportedProtocol,
+        httpcore.ProtocolError: ProtocolError,
+        httpcore.LocalProtocolError: LocalProtocolError,
+        httpcore.RemoteProtocolError: RemoteProtocolError,
+    }
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def map_httpcore_exceptions() -> typing.Iterator[None]:
+    global HTTPCORE_EXC_MAP
+    if len(HTTPCORE_EXC_MAP) == 0:
+        HTTPCORE_EXC_MAP = _load_httpcore_exceptions()
+    try:
+        yield
+    except Exception as exc:
+        mapped_exc = None
+
+        for from_exc, to_exc in HTTPCORE_EXC_MAP.items():
+            if not isinstance(exc, from_exc):
+                continue
+            # We want to map to the most specific exception we can find.
+            # Eg if `exc` is an `httpcore.ReadTimeout`, we want to map to
+            # `httpx.ReadTimeout`, not just `httpx.TimeoutException`.
+            if mapped_exc is None or issubclass(to_exc, mapped_exc):
+                mapped_exc = to_exc
+
+        if mapped_exc is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise
+
+        message = str(exc)
+        raise mapped_exc(message) from exc
+
+
+class ResponseStream(SyncByteStream):
+    def __init__(self, httpcore_stream: typing.Iterable[bytes]) -> None:
+        self._httpcore_stream = httpcore_stream
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            for part in self._httpcore_stream:
+                yield part
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if hasattr(self._httpcore_stream, "close"):
+            self._httpcore_stream.close()
+
+
+class HTTPTransport(BaseTransport):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+        cert: CertTypes | None = None,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        limits: Limits = DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+        proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+        uds: str | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        import httpcore
+
+        proxy = Proxy(url=proxy) if isinstance(proxy, (str, URL)) else proxy
+        ssl_context = create_ssl_context(verify=verify, cert=cert, trust_env=trust_env)
+
+        if proxy is None:
+            self._pool = httpcore.ConnectionPool(
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                max_connections=limits.max_connections,
+                max_keepalive_connections=limits.max_keepalive_connections,
+                keepalive_expiry=limits.keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+                uds=uds,
+                local_address=local_address,
+                retries=retries,
+                socket_options=socket_options,
+            )
+        elif proxy.url.scheme in ("http", "https"):
+            self._pool = httpcore.HTTPProxy(
+                proxy_url=httpcore.URL(
+                    scheme=proxy.url.raw_scheme,
+                    host=proxy.url.raw_host,
+                    port=proxy.url.port,
+                    target=proxy.url.raw_path,
+                ),
+                proxy_auth=proxy.raw_auth,
+                proxy_headers=proxy.headers.raw,
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                proxy_ssl_context=proxy.ssl_context,
+                max_connections=limits.max_connections,
+                max_keepalive_connections=limits.max_keepalive_connections,
+                keepalive_expiry=limits.keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+                socket_options=socket_options,
+            )
+        elif proxy.url.scheme in ("socks5", "socks5h"):
+            try:
+                import socksio  # noqa
+            except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+                raise ImportError(
+                    "Using SOCKS proxy, but the 'socksio' package is not installed. "
+                    "Make sure to install httpx using `pip install httpx[socks]`."
+                ) from None
+
+            self._pool = httpcore.SOCKSProxy(
+                proxy_url=httpcore.URL(
+                    scheme=proxy.url.raw_scheme,
+                    host=proxy.url.raw_host,
+                    port=proxy.url.port,
+                    target=proxy.url.raw_path,
+                ),
+                proxy_auth=proxy.raw_auth,
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                max_connections=limits.max_connections,
+                max_keepalive_connections=limits.max_keepalive_connections,
+                keepalive_expiry=limits.keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+            )
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Proxy protocol must be either 'http', 'https', 'socks5', or 'socks5h',"
+                f" but got {proxy.url.scheme!r}."
+            )
+
+    def __enter__(self: T) -> T:  # Use generics for subclass support.
+        self._pool.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            self._pool.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+
+    def handle_request(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> Response:
+        assert isinstance(request.stream, SyncByteStream)
+        import httpcore
+
+        req = httpcore.Request(
+            method=request.method,
+            url=httpcore.URL(
+                scheme=request.url.raw_scheme,
+                host=request.url.raw_host,
+                port=request.url.port,
+                target=request.url.raw_path,
+            ),
+            headers=request.headers.raw,
+            content=request.stream,
+            extensions=request.extensions,
+        )
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            resp = self._pool.handle_request(req)
+
+        assert isinstance(resp.stream, typing.Iterable)
+
+        return Response(
+            status_code=resp.status,
+            headers=resp.headers,
+            stream=ResponseStream(resp.stream),
+            extensions=resp.extensions,
+        )
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._pool.close()
+
+
+class AsyncResponseStream(AsyncByteStream):
+    def __init__(self, httpcore_stream: typing.AsyncIterable[bytes]) -> None:
+        self._httpcore_stream = httpcore_stream
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            async for part in self._httpcore_stream:
+                yield part
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if hasattr(self._httpcore_stream, "aclose"):
+            await self._httpcore_stream.aclose()
+
+
+class AsyncHTTPTransport(AsyncBaseTransport):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+        cert: CertTypes | None = None,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        limits: Limits = DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+        proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+        uds: str | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        import httpcore
+
+        proxy = Proxy(url=proxy) if isinstance(proxy, (str, URL)) else proxy
+        ssl_context = create_ssl_context(verify=verify, cert=cert, trust_env=trust_env)
+
+        if proxy is None:
+            self._pool = httpcore.AsyncConnectionPool(
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                max_connections=limits.max_connections,
+                max_keepalive_connections=limits.max_keepalive_connections,
+                keepalive_expiry=limits.keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+                uds=uds,
+                local_address=local_address,
+                retries=retries,
+                socket_options=socket_options,
+            )
+        elif proxy.url.scheme in ("http", "https"):
+            self._pool = httpcore.AsyncHTTPProxy(
+                proxy_url=httpcore.URL(
+                    scheme=proxy.url.raw_scheme,
+                    host=proxy.url.raw_host,
+                    port=proxy.url.port,
+                    target=proxy.url.raw_path,
+                ),
+                proxy_auth=proxy.raw_auth,
+                proxy_headers=proxy.headers.raw,
+                proxy_ssl_context=proxy.ssl_context,
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                max_connections=limits.max_connections,
+                max_keepalive_connections=limits.max_keepalive_connections,
+                keepalive_expiry=limits.keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+                socket_options=socket_options,
+            )
+        elif proxy.url.scheme in ("socks5", "socks5h"):
+            try:
+                import socksio  # noqa
+            except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+                raise ImportError(
+                    "Using SOCKS proxy, but the 'socksio' package is not installed. "
+                    "Make sure to install httpx using `pip install httpx[socks]`."
+                ) from None
+
+            self._pool = httpcore.AsyncSOCKSProxy(
+                proxy_url=httpcore.URL(
+                    scheme=proxy.url.raw_scheme,
+                    host=proxy.url.raw_host,
+                    port=proxy.url.port,
+                    target=proxy.url.raw_path,
+                ),
+                proxy_auth=proxy.raw_auth,
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                max_connections=limits.max_connections,
+                max_keepalive_connections=limits.max_keepalive_connections,
+                keepalive_expiry=limits.keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+            )
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Proxy protocol must be either 'http', 'https', 'socks5', or 'socks5h',"
+                " but got {proxy.url.scheme!r}."
+            )
+
+    async def __aenter__(self: A) -> A:  # Use generics for subclass support.
+        await self._pool.__aenter__()
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            await self._pool.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+
+    async def handle_async_request(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> Response:
+        assert isinstance(request.stream, AsyncByteStream)
+        import httpcore
+
+        req = httpcore.Request(
+            method=request.method,
+            url=httpcore.URL(
+                scheme=request.url.raw_scheme,
+                host=request.url.raw_host,
+                port=request.url.port,
+                target=request.url.raw_path,
+            ),
+            headers=request.headers.raw,
+            content=request.stream,
+            extensions=request.extensions,
+        )
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            resp = await self._pool.handle_async_request(req)
+
+        assert isinstance(resp.stream, typing.AsyncIterable)
+
+        return Response(
+            status_code=resp.status,
+            headers=resp.headers,
+            stream=AsyncResponseStream(resp.stream),
+            extensions=resp.extensions,
+        )
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._pool.aclose()

env/lib/python3.11/site-packages/httpx/_transports/mock.py

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+
+from .._models import Request, Response
+from .base import AsyncBaseTransport, BaseTransport
+
+SyncHandler = typing.Callable[[Request], Response]
+AsyncHandler = typing.Callable[[Request], typing.Coroutine[None, None, Response]]
+
+
+__all__ = ["MockTransport"]
+
+
+class MockTransport(AsyncBaseTransport, BaseTransport):
+    def __init__(self, handler: SyncHandler | AsyncHandler) -> None:
+        self.handler = handler
+
+    def handle_request(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> Response:
+        request.read()
+        response = self.handler(request)
+        if not isinstance(response, Response):  # pragma: no cover
+            raise TypeError("Cannot use an async handler in a sync Client")
+        return response
+
+    async def handle_async_request(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> Response:
+        await request.aread()
+        response = self.handler(request)
+
+        # Allow handler to *optionally* be an `async` function.
+        # If it is, then the `response` variable need to be awaited to actually
+        # return the result.
+
+        if not isinstance(response, Response):
+            response = await response
+
+        return response

env/lib/python3.11/site-packages/httpx/_transports/wsgi.py

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import io
+import itertools
+import sys
+import typing
+
+from .._models import Request, Response
+from .._types import SyncByteStream
+from .base import BaseTransport
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import OptExcInfo  # pragma: no cover
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIApplication  # pragma: no cover
+
+_T = typing.TypeVar("_T")
+
+
+__all__ = ["WSGITransport"]
+
+
+def _skip_leading_empty_chunks(body: typing.Iterable[_T]) -> typing.Iterable[_T]:
+    body = iter(body)
+    for chunk in body:
+        if chunk:
+            return itertools.chain([chunk], body)
+    return []
+
+
+class WSGIByteStream(SyncByteStream):
+    def __init__(self, result: typing.Iterable[bytes]) -> None:
+        self._close = getattr(result, "close", None)
+        self._result = _skip_leading_empty_chunks(result)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        for part in self._result:
+            yield part
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if self._close is not None:
+            self._close()
+
+
+class WSGITransport(BaseTransport):
+    """
+    A custom transport that handles sending requests directly to an WSGI app.
+    The simplest way to use this functionality is to use the `app` argument.
+
+    ```
+    client = httpx.Client(app=app)
+    ```
+
+    Alternatively, you can setup the transport instance explicitly.
+    This allows you to include any additional configuration arguments specific
+    to the WSGITransport class:
+
+    ```
+    transport = httpx.WSGITransport(
+        app=app,
+        script_name="/submount",
+        remote_addr="1.2.3.4"
+    )
+    client = httpx.Client(transport=transport)
+    ```
+
+    Arguments:
+
+    * `app` - The WSGI application.
+    * `raise_app_exceptions` - Boolean indicating if exceptions in the application
+       should be raised. Default to `True`. Can be set to `False` for use cases
+       such as testing the content of a client 500 response.
+    * `script_name` - The root path on which the WSGI application should be mounted.
+    * `remote_addr` - A string indicating the client IP of incoming requests.
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: WSGIApplication,
+        raise_app_exceptions: bool = True,
+        script_name: str = "",
+        remote_addr: str = "127.0.0.1",
+        wsgi_errors: typing.TextIO | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.raise_app_exceptions = raise_app_exceptions
+        self.script_name = script_name
+        self.remote_addr = remote_addr
+        self.wsgi_errors = wsgi_errors
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        request.read()
+        wsgi_input = io.BytesIO(request.content)
+
+        port = request.url.port or {"http": 80, "https": 443}[request.url.scheme]
+        environ = {
+            "wsgi.version": (1, 0),
+            "wsgi.url_scheme": request.url.scheme,
+            "wsgi.input": wsgi_input,
+            "wsgi.errors": self.wsgi_errors or sys.stderr,
+            "wsgi.multithread": True,
+            "wsgi.multiprocess": False,
+            "wsgi.run_once": False,
+            "REQUEST_METHOD": request.method,
+            "SCRIPT_NAME": self.script_name,
+            "PATH_INFO": request.url.path,
+            "QUERY_STRING": request.url.query.decode("ascii"),
+            "SERVER_NAME": request.url.host,
+            "SERVER_PORT": str(port),
+            "SERVER_PROTOCOL": "HTTP/1.1",
+            "REMOTE_ADDR": self.remote_addr,
+        }
+        for header_key, header_value in request.headers.raw:
+            key = header_key.decode("ascii").upper().replace("-", "_")
+            if key not in ("CONTENT_TYPE", "CONTENT_LENGTH"):
+                key = "HTTP_" + key
+            environ[key] = header_value.decode("ascii")
+
+        seen_status = None
+        seen_response_headers = None
+        seen_exc_info = None
+
+        def start_response(
+            status: str,
+            response_headers: list[tuple[str, str]],
+            exc_info: OptExcInfo | None = None,
+        ) -> typing.Callable[[bytes], typing.Any]:
+            nonlocal seen_status, seen_response_headers, seen_exc_info
+            seen_status = status
+            seen_response_headers = response_headers
+            seen_exc_info = exc_info
+            return lambda _: None
+
+        result = self.app(environ, start_response)
+
+        stream = WSGIByteStream(result)
+
+        assert seen_status is not None
+        assert seen_response_headers is not None
+        if seen_exc_info and seen_exc_info[0] and self.raise_app_exceptions:
+            raise seen_exc_info[1]
+
+        status_code = int(seen_status.split()[0])
+        headers = [
+            (key.encode("ascii"), value.encode("ascii"))
+            for key, value in seen_response_headers
+        ]
+
+        return Response(status_code, headers=headers, stream=stream)

env/lib/python3.11/site-packages/httpx/_types.py

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+"""
+Type definitions for type checking purposes.
+"""
+
+from http.cookiejar import CookieJar
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    AsyncIterable,
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from ._auth import Auth  # noqa: F401
+    from ._config import Proxy, Timeout  # noqa: F401
+    from ._models import Cookies, Headers, Request  # noqa: F401
+    from ._urls import URL, QueryParams  # noqa: F401
+
+
+PrimitiveData = Optional[Union[str, int, float, bool]]
+
+URLTypes = Union["URL", str]
+
+QueryParamTypes = Union[
+    "QueryParams",
+    Mapping[str, Union[PrimitiveData, Sequence[PrimitiveData]]],
+    List[Tuple[str, PrimitiveData]],
+    Tuple[Tuple[str, PrimitiveData], ...],
+    str,
+    bytes,
+]
+
+HeaderTypes = Union[
+    "Headers",
+    Mapping[str, str],
+    Mapping[bytes, bytes],
+    Sequence[Tuple[str, str]],
+    Sequence[Tuple[bytes, bytes]],
+]
+
+CookieTypes = Union["Cookies", CookieJar, Dict[str, str], List[Tuple[str, str]]]
+
+TimeoutTypes = Union[
+    Optional[float],
+    Tuple[Optional[float], Optional[float], Optional[float], Optional[float]],
+    "Timeout",
+]
+ProxyTypes = Union["URL", str, "Proxy"]
+CertTypes = Union[str, Tuple[str, str], Tuple[str, str, str]]
+
+AuthTypes = Union[
+    Tuple[Union[str, bytes], Union[str, bytes]],
+    Callable[["Request"], "Request"],
+    "Auth",
+]
+
+RequestContent = Union[str, bytes, Iterable[bytes], AsyncIterable[bytes]]
+ResponseContent = Union[str, bytes, Iterable[bytes], AsyncIterable[bytes]]
+ResponseExtensions = Mapping[str, Any]
+
+RequestData = Mapping[str, Any]
+
+FileContent = Union[IO[bytes], bytes, str]
+FileTypes = Union[
+    # file (or bytes)
+    FileContent,
+    # (filename, file (or bytes))
+    Tuple[Optional[str], FileContent],
+    # (filename, file (or bytes), content_type)
+    Tuple[Optional[str], FileContent, Optional[str]],
+    # (filename, file (or bytes), content_type, headers)
+    Tuple[Optional[str], FileContent, Optional[str], Mapping[str, str]],
+]
+RequestFiles = Union[Mapping[str, FileTypes], Sequence[Tuple[str, FileTypes]]]
+
+RequestExtensions = Mapping[str, Any]
+
+__all__ = ["AsyncByteStream", "SyncByteStream"]
+
+
+class SyncByteStream:
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "The '__iter__' method must be implemented."
+        )  # pragma: no cover
+        yield b""  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Subclasses can override this method to release any network resources
+        after a request/response cycle is complete.
+        """
+
+
+class AsyncByteStream:
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "The '__aiter__' method must be implemented."
+        )  # pragma: no cover
+        yield b""  # pragma: no cover
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        pass

env/lib/python3.11/site-packages/httpx/_urlparse.py

@@ -0,0 +1,527 @@
+"""
+An implementation of `urlparse` that provides URL validation and normalization
+as described by RFC3986.
+
+We rely on this implementation rather than the one in Python's stdlib, because:
+
+* It provides more complete URL validation.
+* It properly differentiates between an empty querystring and an absent querystring,
+  to distinguish URLs with a trailing '?'.
+* It handles scheme, hostname, port, and path normalization.
+* It supports IDNA hostnames, normalizing them to their encoded form.
+* The API supports passing individual components, as well as the complete URL string.
+
+Previously we relied on the excellent `rfc3986` package to handle URL parsing and
+validation, but this module provides a simpler alternative, with less indirection
+required.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ipaddress
+import re
+import typing
+
+import idna
+
+from ._exceptions import InvalidURL
+
+MAX_URL_LENGTH = 65536
+
+# https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986.html#section-2.3
+UNRESERVED_CHARACTERS = (
+    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-._~"
+)
+SUB_DELIMS = "!$&'()*+,;="
+
+PERCENT_ENCODED_REGEX = re.compile("%[A-Fa-f0-9]{2}")
+
+# https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#percent-encoded-bytes
+
+# The fragment percent-encode set is the C0 control percent-encode set
+# and U+0020 SPACE, U+0022 ("), U+003C (<), U+003E (>), and U+0060 (`).
+FRAG_SAFE = "".join(
+    [chr(i) for i in range(0x20, 0x7F) if i not in (0x20, 0x22, 0x3C, 0x3E, 0x60)]
+)
+
+# The query percent-encode set is the C0 control percent-encode set
+# and U+0020 SPACE, U+0022 ("), U+0023 (#), U+003C (<), and U+003E (>).
+QUERY_SAFE = "".join(
+    [chr(i) for i in range(0x20, 0x7F) if i not in (0x20, 0x22, 0x23, 0x3C, 0x3E)]
+)
+
+# The path percent-encode set is the query percent-encode set
+# and U+003F (?), U+0060 (`), U+007B ({), and U+007D (}).
+PATH_SAFE = "".join(
+    [
+        chr(i)
+        for i in range(0x20, 0x7F)
+        if i not in (0x20, 0x22, 0x23, 0x3C, 0x3E) + (0x3F, 0x60, 0x7B, 0x7D)
+    ]
+)
+
+# The userinfo percent-encode set is the path percent-encode set
+# and U+002F (/), U+003A (:), U+003B (;), U+003D (=), U+0040 (@),
+# U+005B ([) to U+005E (^), inclusive, and U+007C (|).
+USERNAME_SAFE = "".join(
+    [
+        chr(i)
+        for i in range(0x20, 0x7F)
+        if i
+        not in (0x20, 0x22, 0x23, 0x3C, 0x3E)
+        + (0x3F, 0x60, 0x7B, 0x7D)
+        + (0x2F, 0x3A, 0x3B, 0x3D, 0x40, 0x5B, 0x5C, 0x5D, 0x5E, 0x7C)
+    ]
+)
+PASSWORD_SAFE = "".join(
+    [
+        chr(i)
+        for i in range(0x20, 0x7F)
+        if i
+        not in (0x20, 0x22, 0x23, 0x3C, 0x3E)
+        + (0x3F, 0x60, 0x7B, 0x7D)
+        + (0x2F, 0x3A, 0x3B, 0x3D, 0x40, 0x5B, 0x5C, 0x5D, 0x5E, 0x7C)
+    ]
+)
+# Note... The terminology 'userinfo' percent-encode set in the WHATWG document
+# is used for the username and password quoting. For the joint userinfo component
+# we remove U+003A (:) from the safe set.
+USERINFO_SAFE = "".join(
+    [
+        chr(i)
+        for i in range(0x20, 0x7F)
+        if i
+        not in (0x20, 0x22, 0x23, 0x3C, 0x3E)
+        + (0x3F, 0x60, 0x7B, 0x7D)
+        + (0x2F, 0x3B, 0x3D, 0x40, 0x5B, 0x5C, 0x5D, 0x5E, 0x7C)
+    ]
+)
+
+
+# {scheme}:      (optional)
+# //{authority}  (optional)
+# {path}
+# ?{query}       (optional)
+# #{fragment}    (optional)
+URL_REGEX = re.compile(
+    (
+        r"(?:(?P<scheme>{scheme}):)?"
+        r"(?://(?P<authority>{authority}))?"
+        r"(?P<path>{path})"
+        r"(?:\?(?P<query>{query}))?"
+        r"(?:#(?P<fragment>{fragment}))?"
+    ).format(
+        scheme="([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]*)?",
+        authority="[^/?#]*",
+        path="[^?#]*",
+        query="[^#]*",
+        fragment=".*",
+    )
+)
+
+# {userinfo}@    (optional)
+# {host}
+# :{port}        (optional)
+AUTHORITY_REGEX = re.compile(
+    (
+        r"(?:(?P<userinfo>{userinfo})@)?" r"(?P<host>{host})" r":?(?P<port>{port})?"
+    ).format(
+        userinfo=".*",  # Any character sequence.
+        host="(\\[.*\\]|[^:@]*)",  # Either any character sequence excluding ':' or '@',
+        # or an IPv6 address enclosed within square brackets.
+        port=".*",  # Any character sequence.
+    )
+)
+
+
+# If we call urlparse with an individual component, then we need to regex
+# validate that component individually.
+# Note that we're duplicating the same strings as above. Shock! Horror!!
+COMPONENT_REGEX = {
+    "scheme": re.compile("([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]*)?"),
+    "authority": re.compile("[^/?#]*"),
+    "path": re.compile("[^?#]*"),
+    "query": re.compile("[^#]*"),
+    "fragment": re.compile(".*"),
+    "userinfo": re.compile("[^@]*"),
+    "host": re.compile("(\\[.*\\]|[^:]*)"),
+    "port": re.compile(".*"),
+}
+
+
+# We use these simple regexs as a first pass before handing off to
+# the stdlib 'ipaddress' module for IP address validation.
+IPv4_STYLE_HOSTNAME = re.compile(r"^[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+$")
+IPv6_STYLE_HOSTNAME = re.compile(r"^\[.*\]$")
+
+
+class ParseResult(typing.NamedTuple):
+    scheme: str
+    userinfo: str
+    host: str
+    port: int | None
+    path: str
+    query: str | None
+    fragment: str | None
+
+    @property
+    def authority(self) -> str:
+        return "".join(
+            [
+                f"{self.userinfo}@" if self.userinfo else "",
+                f"[{self.host}]" if ":" in self.host else self.host,
+                f":{self.port}" if self.port is not None else "",
+            ]
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def netloc(self) -> str:
+        return "".join(
+            [
+                f"[{self.host}]" if ":" in self.host else self.host,
+                f":{self.port}" if self.port is not None else "",
+            ]
+        )
+
+    def copy_with(self, **kwargs: str | None) -> ParseResult:
+        if not kwargs:
+            return self
+
+        defaults = {
+            "scheme": self.scheme,
+            "authority": self.authority,
+            "path": self.path,
+            "query": self.query,
+            "fragment": self.fragment,
+        }
+        defaults.update(kwargs)
+        return urlparse("", **defaults)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        authority = self.authority
+        return "".join(
+            [
+                f"{self.scheme}:" if self.scheme else "",
+                f"//{authority}" if authority else "",
+                self.path,
+                f"?{self.query}" if self.query is not None else "",
+                f"#{self.fragment}" if self.fragment is not None else "",
+            ]
+        )
+
+
+def urlparse(url: str = "", **kwargs: str | None) -> ParseResult:
+    # Initial basic checks on allowable URLs.
+    # ---------------------------------------
+
+    # Hard limit the maximum allowable URL length.
+    if len(url) > MAX_URL_LENGTH:
+        raise InvalidURL("URL too long")
+
+    # If a URL includes any ASCII control characters including \t, \r, \n,
+    # then treat it as invalid.
+    if any(char.isascii() and not char.isprintable() for char in url):
+        char = next(char for char in url if char.isascii() and not char.isprintable())
+        idx = url.find(char)
+        error = (
+            f"Invalid non-printable ASCII character in URL, {char!r} at position {idx}."
+        )
+        raise InvalidURL(error)
+
+    # Some keyword arguments require special handling.
+    # ------------------------------------------------
+
+    # Coerce "port" to a string, if it is provided as an integer.
+    if "port" in kwargs:
+        port = kwargs["port"]
+        kwargs["port"] = str(port) if isinstance(port, int) else port
+
+    # Replace "netloc" with "host and "port".
+    if "netloc" in kwargs:
+        netloc = kwargs.pop("netloc") or ""
+        kwargs["host"], _, kwargs["port"] = netloc.partition(":")
+
+    # Replace "username" and/or "password" with "userinfo".
+    if "username" in kwargs or "password" in kwargs:
+        username = quote(kwargs.pop("username", "") or "", safe=USERNAME_SAFE)
+        password = quote(kwargs.pop("password", "") or "", safe=PASSWORD_SAFE)
+        kwargs["userinfo"] = f"{username}:{password}" if password else username
+
+    # Replace "raw_path" with "path" and "query".
+    if "raw_path" in kwargs:
+        raw_path = kwargs.pop("raw_path") or ""
+        kwargs["path"], seperator, kwargs["query"] = raw_path.partition("?")
+        if not seperator:
+            kwargs["query"] = None
+
+    # Ensure that IPv6 "host" addresses are always escaped with "[...]".
+    if "host" in kwargs:
+        host = kwargs.get("host") or ""
+        if ":" in host and not (host.startswith("[") and host.endswith("]")):
+            kwargs["host"] = f"[{host}]"
+
+    # If any keyword arguments are provided, ensure they are valid.
+    # -------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    for key, value in kwargs.items():
+        if value is not None:
+            if len(value) > MAX_URL_LENGTH:
+                raise InvalidURL(f"URL component '{key}' too long")
+
+            # If a component includes any ASCII control characters including \t, \r, \n,
+            # then treat it as invalid.
+            if any(char.isascii() and not char.isprintable() for char in value):
+                char = next(
+                    char for char in value if char.isascii() and not char.isprintable()
+                )
+                idx = value.find(char)
+                error = (
+                    f"Invalid non-printable ASCII character in URL {key} component, "
+                    f"{char!r} at position {idx}."
+                )
+                raise InvalidURL(error)
+
+            # Ensure that keyword arguments match as a valid regex.
+            if not COMPONENT_REGEX[key].fullmatch(value):
+                raise InvalidURL(f"Invalid URL component '{key}'")
+
+    # The URL_REGEX will always match, but may have empty components.
+    url_match = URL_REGEX.match(url)
+    assert url_match is not None
+    url_dict = url_match.groupdict()
+
+    # * 'scheme', 'authority', and 'path' may be empty strings.
+    # * 'query' may be 'None', indicating no trailing "?" portion.
+    #   Any string including the empty string, indicates a trailing "?".
+    # * 'fragment' may be 'None', indicating no trailing "#" portion.
+    #   Any string including the empty string, indicates a trailing "#".
+    scheme = kwargs.get("scheme", url_dict["scheme"]) or ""
+    authority = kwargs.get("authority", url_dict["authority"]) or ""
+    path = kwargs.get("path", url_dict["path"]) or ""
+    query = kwargs.get("query", url_dict["query"])
+    frag = kwargs.get("fragment", url_dict["fragment"])
+
+    # The AUTHORITY_REGEX will always match, but may have empty components.
+    authority_match = AUTHORITY_REGEX.match(authority)
+    assert authority_match is not None
+    authority_dict = authority_match.groupdict()
+
+    # * 'userinfo' and 'host' may be empty strings.
+    # * 'port' may be 'None'.
+    userinfo = kwargs.get("userinfo", authority_dict["userinfo"]) or ""
+    host = kwargs.get("host", authority_dict["host"]) or ""
+    port = kwargs.get("port", authority_dict["port"])
+
+    # Normalize and validate each component.
+    # We end up with a parsed representation of the URL,
+    # with components that are plain ASCII bytestrings.
+    parsed_scheme: str = scheme.lower()
+    parsed_userinfo: str = quote(userinfo, safe=USERINFO_SAFE)
+    parsed_host: str = encode_host(host)
+    parsed_port: int | None = normalize_port(port, scheme)
+
+    has_scheme = parsed_scheme != ""
+    has_authority = (
+        parsed_userinfo != "" or parsed_host != "" or parsed_port is not None
+    )
+    validate_path(path, has_scheme=has_scheme, has_authority=has_authority)
+    if has_scheme or has_authority:
+        path = normalize_path(path)
+
+    parsed_path: str = quote(path, safe=PATH_SAFE)
+    parsed_query: str | None = None if query is None else quote(query, safe=QUERY_SAFE)
+    parsed_frag: str | None = None if frag is None else quote(frag, safe=FRAG_SAFE)
+
+    # The parsed ASCII bytestrings are our canonical form.
+    # All properties of the URL are derived from these.
+    return ParseResult(
+        parsed_scheme,
+        parsed_userinfo,
+        parsed_host,
+        parsed_port,
+        parsed_path,
+        parsed_query,
+        parsed_frag,
+    )
+
+
+def encode_host(host: str) -> str:
+    if not host:
+        return ""
+
+    elif IPv4_STYLE_HOSTNAME.match(host):
+        # Validate IPv4 hostnames like #.#.#.#
+        #
+        # From https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986/#section-3.2.2
+        #
+        # IPv4address = dec-octet "." dec-octet "." dec-octet "." dec-octet
+        try:
+            ipaddress.IPv4Address(host)
+        except ipaddress.AddressValueError:
+            raise InvalidURL(f"Invalid IPv4 address: {host!r}")
+        return host
+
+    elif IPv6_STYLE_HOSTNAME.match(host):
+        # Validate IPv6 hostnames like [...]
+        #
+        # From https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986/#section-3.2.2
+        #
+        # "A host identified by an Internet Protocol literal address, version 6
+        # [RFC3513] or later, is distinguished by enclosing the IP literal
+        # within square brackets ("[" and "]").  This is the only place where
+        # square bracket characters are allowed in the URI syntax."
+        try:
+            ipaddress.IPv6Address(host[1:-1])
+        except ipaddress.AddressValueError:
+            raise InvalidURL(f"Invalid IPv6 address: {host!r}")
+        return host[1:-1]
+
+    elif host.isascii():
+        # Regular ASCII hostnames
+        #
+        # From https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986/#section-3.2.2
+        #
+        # reg-name    = *( unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims )
+        WHATWG_SAFE = '"`{}%|\\'
+        return quote(host.lower(), safe=SUB_DELIMS + WHATWG_SAFE)
+
+    # IDNA hostnames
+    try:
+        return idna.encode(host.lower()).decode("ascii")
+    except idna.IDNAError:
+        raise InvalidURL(f"Invalid IDNA hostname: {host!r}")
+
+
+def normalize_port(port: str | int | None, scheme: str) -> int | None:
+    # From https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.3
+    #
+    # "A scheme may define a default port.  For example, the "http" scheme
+    # defines a default port of "80", corresponding to its reserved TCP
+    # port number.  The type of port designated by the port number (e.g.,
+    # TCP, UDP, SCTP) is defined by the URI scheme.  URI producers and
+    # normalizers should omit the port component and its ":" delimiter if
+    # port is empty or if its value would be the same as that of the
+    # scheme's default."
+    if port is None or port == "":
+        return None
+
+    try:
+        port_as_int = int(port)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise InvalidURL(f"Invalid port: {port!r}")
+
+    # See https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-miscellaneous
+    default_port = {"ftp": 21, "http": 80, "https": 443, "ws": 80, "wss": 443}.get(
+        scheme
+    )
+    if port_as_int == default_port:
+        return None
+    return port_as_int
+
+
+def validate_path(path: str, has_scheme: bool, has_authority: bool) -> None:
+    """
+    Path validation rules that depend on if the URL contains
+    a scheme or authority component.
+
+    See https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986.html#section-3.3
+    """
+    if has_authority:
+        # If a URI contains an authority component, then the path component
+        # must either be empty or begin with a slash ("/") character."
+        if path and not path.startswith("/"):
+            raise InvalidURL("For absolute URLs, path must be empty or begin with '/'")
+
+    if not has_scheme and not has_authority:
+        # If a URI does not contain an authority component, then the path cannot begin
+        # with two slash characters ("//").
+        if path.startswith("//"):
+            raise InvalidURL("Relative URLs cannot have a path starting with '//'")
+
+        # In addition, a URI reference (Section 4.1) may be a relative-path reference,
+        # in which case the first path segment cannot contain a colon (":") character.
+        if path.startswith(":"):
+            raise InvalidURL("Relative URLs cannot have a path starting with ':'")
+
+
+def normalize_path(path: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Drop "." and ".." segments from a URL path.
+
+    For example:
+
+        normalize_path("/path/./to/somewhere/..") == "/path/to"
+    """
+    # Fast return when no '.' characters in the path.
+    if "." not in path:
+        return path
+
+    components = path.split("/")
+
+    # Fast return when no '.' or '..' components in the path.
+    if "." not in components and ".." not in components:
+        return path
+
+    # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-5.2.4
+    output: list[str] = []
+    for component in components:
+        if component == ".":
+            pass
+        elif component == "..":
+            if output and output != [""]:
+                output.pop()
+        else:
+            output.append(component)
+    return "/".join(output)
+
+
+def PERCENT(string: str) -> str:
+    return "".join([f"%{byte:02X}" for byte in string.encode("utf-8")])
+
+
+def percent_encoded(string: str, safe: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Use percent-encoding to quote a string.
+    """
+    NON_ESCAPED_CHARS = UNRESERVED_CHARACTERS + safe
+
+    # Fast path for strings that don't need escaping.
+    if not string.rstrip(NON_ESCAPED_CHARS):
+        return string
+
+    return "".join(
+        [char if char in NON_ESCAPED_CHARS else PERCENT(char) for char in string]
+    )
+
+
+def quote(string: str, safe: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Use percent-encoding to quote a string, omitting existing '%xx' escape sequences.
+
+    See: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986#section-2.1
+
+    * `string`: The string to be percent-escaped.
+    * `safe`: A string containing characters that may be treated as safe, and do not
+        need to be escaped. Unreserved characters are always treated as safe.
+        See: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986#section-2.3
+    """
+    parts = []
+    current_position = 0
+    for match in re.finditer(PERCENT_ENCODED_REGEX, string):
+        start_position, end_position = match.start(), match.end()
+        matched_text = match.group(0)
+        # Add any text up to the '%xx' escape sequence.
+        if start_position != current_position:
+            leading_text = string[current_position:start_position]
+            parts.append(percent_encoded(leading_text, safe=safe))
+
+        # Add the '%xx' escape sequence.
+        parts.append(matched_text)
+        current_position = end_position
+
+    # Add any text after the final '%xx' escape sequence.
+    if current_position != len(string):
+        trailing_text = string[current_position:]
+        parts.append(percent_encoded(trailing_text, safe=safe))
+
+    return "".join(parts)

env/lib/python3.11/site-packages/httpx/_urls.py

@@ -0,0 +1,641 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+from urllib.parse import parse_qs, unquote, urlencode
+
+import idna
+
+from ._types import QueryParamTypes
+from ._urlparse import urlparse
+from ._utils import primitive_value_to_str
+
+__all__ = ["URL", "QueryParams"]
+
+
+class URL:
+    """
+    url = httpx.URL("HTTPS://jo%40email.com:a%20secret@müller.de:1234/pa%20th?search=ab#anchorlink")
+
+    assert url.scheme == "https"
+    assert url.username == "jo@email.com"
+    assert url.password == "a secret"
+    assert url.userinfo == b"jo%40email.com:a%20secret"
+    assert url.host == "müller.de"
+    assert url.raw_host == b"xn--mller-kva.de"
+    assert url.port == 1234
+    assert url.netloc == b"xn--mller-kva.de:1234"
+    assert url.path == "/pa th"
+    assert url.query == b"?search=ab"
+    assert url.raw_path == b"/pa%20th?search=ab"
+    assert url.fragment == "anchorlink"
+
+    The components of a URL are broken down like this:
+
+       https://jo%40email.com:a%20secret@müller.de:1234/pa%20th?search=ab#anchorlink
+    [scheme]   [  username  ] [password] [ host ][port][ path ] [ query ] [fragment]
+               [       userinfo        ] [   netloc   ][    raw_path    ]
+
+    Note that:
+
+    * `url.scheme` is normalized to always be lowercased.
+
+    * `url.host` is normalized to always be lowercased. Internationalized domain
+      names are represented in unicode, without IDNA encoding applied. For instance:
+
+      url = httpx.URL("http://中国.icom.museum")
+      assert url.host == "中国.icom.museum"
+      url = httpx.URL("http://xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum")
+      assert url.host == "中国.icom.museum"
+
+    * `url.raw_host` is normalized to always be lowercased, and is IDNA encoded.
+
+      url = httpx.URL("http://中国.icom.museum")
+      assert url.raw_host == b"xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum"
+      url = httpx.URL("http://xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum")
+      assert url.raw_host == b"xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum"
+
+    * `url.port` is either None or an integer. URLs that include the default port for
+      "http", "https", "ws", "wss", and "ftp" schemes have their port
+      normalized to `None`.
+
+      assert httpx.URL("http://example.com") == httpx.URL("http://example.com:80")
+      assert httpx.URL("http://example.com").port is None
+      assert httpx.URL("http://example.com:80").port is None
+
+    * `url.userinfo` is raw bytes, without URL escaping. Usually you'll want to work
+      with `url.username` and `url.password` instead, which handle the URL escaping.
+
+    * `url.raw_path` is raw bytes of both the path and query, without URL escaping.
+      This portion is used as the target when constructing HTTP requests. Usually you'll
+      want to work with `url.path` instead.
+
+    * `url.query` is raw bytes, without URL escaping. A URL query string portion can
+      only be properly URL escaped when decoding the parameter names and values
+      themselves.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, url: URL | str = "", **kwargs: typing.Any) -> None:
+        if kwargs:
+            allowed = {
+                "scheme": str,
+                "username": str,
+                "password": str,
+                "userinfo": bytes,
+                "host": str,
+                "port": int,
+                "netloc": bytes,
+                "path": str,
+                "query": bytes,
+                "raw_path": bytes,
+                "fragment": str,
+                "params": object,
+            }
+
+            # Perform type checking for all supported keyword arguments.
+            for key, value in kwargs.items():
+                if key not in allowed:
+                    message = f"{key!r} is an invalid keyword argument for URL()"
+                    raise TypeError(message)
+                if value is not None and not isinstance(value, allowed[key]):
+                    expected = allowed[key].__name__
+                    seen = type(value).__name__
+                    message = f"Argument {key!r} must be {expected} but got {seen}"
+                    raise TypeError(message)
+                if isinstance(value, bytes):
+                    kwargs[key] = value.decode("ascii")
+
+            if "params" in kwargs:
+                # Replace any "params" keyword with the raw "query" instead.
+                #
+                # Ensure that empty params use `kwargs["query"] = None` rather
+                # than `kwargs["query"] = ""`, so that generated URLs do not
+                # include an empty trailing "?".
+                params = kwargs.pop("params")
+                kwargs["query"] = None if not params else str(QueryParams(params))
+
+        if isinstance(url, str):
+            self._uri_reference = urlparse(url, **kwargs)
+        elif isinstance(url, URL):
+            self._uri_reference = url._uri_reference.copy_with(**kwargs)
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Invalid type for url.  Expected str or httpx.URL,"
+                f" got {type(url)}: {url!r}"
+            )
+
+    @property
+    def scheme(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The URL scheme, such as "http", "https".
+        Always normalised to lowercase.
+        """
+        return self._uri_reference.scheme
+
+    @property
+    def raw_scheme(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The raw bytes representation of the URL scheme, such as b"http", b"https".
+        Always normalised to lowercase.
+        """
+        return self._uri_reference.scheme.encode("ascii")
+
+    @property
+    def userinfo(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The URL userinfo as a raw bytestring.
+        For example: b"jo%40email.com:a%20secret".
+        """
+        return self._uri_reference.userinfo.encode("ascii")
+
+    @property
+    def username(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The URL username as a string, with URL decoding applied.
+        For example: "jo@email.com"
+        """
+        userinfo = self._uri_reference.userinfo
+        return unquote(userinfo.partition(":")[0])
+
+    @property
+    def password(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The URL password as a string, with URL decoding applied.
+        For example: "a secret"
+        """
+        userinfo = self._uri_reference.userinfo
+        return unquote(userinfo.partition(":")[2])
+
+    @property
+    def host(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The URL host as a string.
+        Always normalized to lowercase, with IDNA hosts decoded into unicode.
+
+        Examples:
+
+        url = httpx.URL("http://www.EXAMPLE.org")
+        assert url.host == "www.example.org"
+
+        url = httpx.URL("http://中国.icom.museum")
+        assert url.host == "中国.icom.museum"
+
+        url = httpx.URL("http://xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum")
+        assert url.host == "中国.icom.museum"
+
+        url = httpx.URL("https://[::ffff:192.168.0.1]")
+        assert url.host == "::ffff:192.168.0.1"
+        """
+        host: str = self._uri_reference.host
+
+        if host.startswith("xn--"):
+            host = idna.decode(host)
+
+        return host
+
+    @property
+    def raw_host(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The raw bytes representation of the URL host.
+        Always normalized to lowercase, and IDNA encoded.
+
+        Examples:
+
+        url = httpx.URL("http://www.EXAMPLE.org")
+        assert url.raw_host == b"www.example.org"
+
+        url = httpx.URL("http://中国.icom.museum")
+        assert url.raw_host == b"xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum"
+
+        url = httpx.URL("http://xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum")
+        assert url.raw_host == b"xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum"
+
+        url = httpx.URL("https://[::ffff:192.168.0.1]")
+        assert url.raw_host == b"::ffff:192.168.0.1"
+        """
+        return self._uri_reference.host.encode("ascii")
+
+    @property
+    def port(self) -> int | None:
+        """
+        The URL port as an integer.
+
+        Note that the URL class performs port normalization as per the WHATWG spec.
+        Default ports for "http", "https", "ws", "wss", and "ftp" schemes are always
+        treated as `None`.
+
+        For example:
+
+        assert httpx.URL("http://www.example.com") == httpx.URL("http://www.example.com:80")
+        assert httpx.URL("http://www.example.com:80").port is None
+        """
+        return self._uri_reference.port
+
+    @property
+    def netloc(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Either `<host>` or `<host>:<port>` as bytes.
+        Always normalized to lowercase, and IDNA encoded.
+
+        This property may be used for generating the value of a request
+        "Host" header.
+        """
+        return self._uri_reference.netloc.encode("ascii")
+
+    @property
+    def path(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The URL path as a string. Excluding the query string, and URL decoded.
+
+        For example:
+
+        url = httpx.URL("https://example.com/pa%20th")
+        assert url.path == "/pa th"
+        """
+        path = self._uri_reference.path or "/"
+        return unquote(path)
+
+    @property
+    def query(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The URL query string, as raw bytes, excluding the leading b"?".
+
+        This is necessarily a bytewise interface, because we cannot
+        perform URL decoding of this representation until we've parsed
+        the keys and values into a QueryParams instance.
+
+        For example:
+
+        url = httpx.URL("https://example.com/?filter=some%20search%20terms")
+        assert url.query == b"filter=some%20search%20terms"
+        """
+        query = self._uri_reference.query or ""
+        return query.encode("ascii")
+
+    @property
+    def params(self) -> QueryParams:
+        """
+        The URL query parameters, neatly parsed and packaged into an immutable
+        multidict representation.
+        """
+        return QueryParams(self._uri_reference.query)
+
+    @property
+    def raw_path(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The complete URL path and query string as raw bytes.
+        Used as the target when constructing HTTP requests.
+
+        For example:
+
+        GET /users?search=some%20text HTTP/1.1
+        Host: www.example.org
+        Connection: close
+        """
+        path = self._uri_reference.path or "/"
+        if self._uri_reference.query is not None:
+            path += "?" + self._uri_reference.query
+        return path.encode("ascii")
+
+    @property
+    def fragment(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The URL fragments, as used in HTML anchors.
+        As a string, without the leading '#'.
+        """
+        return unquote(self._uri_reference.fragment or "")
+
+    @property
+    def is_absolute_url(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` for absolute URLs such as 'http://example.com/path',
+        and `False` for relative URLs such as '/path'.
+        """
+        # We don't use `.is_absolute` from `rfc3986` because it treats
+        # URLs with a fragment portion as not absolute.
+        # What we actually care about is if the URL provides
+        # a scheme and hostname to which connections should be made.
+        return bool(self._uri_reference.scheme and self._uri_reference.host)
+
+    @property
+    def is_relative_url(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `False` for absolute URLs such as 'http://example.com/path',
+        and `True` for relative URLs such as '/path'.
+        """
+        return not self.is_absolute_url
+
+    def copy_with(self, **kwargs: typing.Any) -> URL:
+        """
+        Copy this URL, returning a new URL with some components altered.
+        Accepts the same set of parameters as the components that are made
+        available via properties on the `URL` class.
+
+        For example:
+
+        url = httpx.URL("https://www.example.com").copy_with(
+            username="jo@gmail.com", password="a secret"
+        )
+        assert url == "https://jo%40email.com:a%20secret@www.example.com"
+        """
+        return URL(self, **kwargs)
+
+    def copy_set_param(self, key: str, value: typing.Any = None) -> URL:
+        return self.copy_with(params=self.params.set(key, value))
+
+    def copy_add_param(self, key: str, value: typing.Any = None) -> URL:
+        return self.copy_with(params=self.params.add(key, value))
+
+    def copy_remove_param(self, key: str) -> URL:
+        return self.copy_with(params=self.params.remove(key))
+
+    def copy_merge_params(self, params: QueryParamTypes) -> URL:
+        return self.copy_with(params=self.params.merge(params))
+
+    def join(self, url: URL | str) -> URL:
+        """
+        Return an absolute URL, using this URL as the base.
+
+        Eg.
+
+        url = httpx.URL("https://www.example.com/test")
+        url = url.join("/new/path")
+        assert url == "https://www.example.com/new/path"
+        """
+        from urllib.parse import urljoin
+
+        return URL(urljoin(str(self), str(URL(url))))
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(str(self))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, (URL, str)) and str(self) == str(URL(other))
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self._uri_reference)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        scheme, userinfo, host, port, path, query, fragment = self._uri_reference
+
+        if ":" in userinfo:
+            # Mask any password component.
+            userinfo = f'{userinfo.split(":")[0]}:[secure]'
+
+        authority = "".join(
+            [
+                f"{userinfo}@" if userinfo else "",
+                f"[{host}]" if ":" in host else host,
+                f":{port}" if port is not None else "",
+            ]
+        )
+        url = "".join(
+            [
+                f"{self.scheme}:" if scheme else "",
+                f"//{authority}" if authority else "",
+                path,
+                f"?{query}" if query is not None else "",
+                f"#{fragment}" if fragment is not None else "",
+            ]
+        )
+
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({url!r})"
+
+    @property
+    def raw(self) -> tuple[bytes, bytes, int, bytes]:  # pragma: nocover
+        import collections
+        import warnings
+
+        warnings.warn("URL.raw is deprecated.")
+        RawURL = collections.namedtuple(
+            "RawURL", ["raw_scheme", "raw_host", "port", "raw_path"]
+        )
+        return RawURL(
+            raw_scheme=self.raw_scheme,
+            raw_host=self.raw_host,
+            port=self.port,
+            raw_path=self.raw_path,
+        )
+
+
+class QueryParams(typing.Mapping[str, str]):
+    """
+    URL query parameters, as a multi-dict.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *args: QueryParamTypes | None, **kwargs: typing.Any) -> None:
+        assert len(args) < 2, "Too many arguments."
+        assert not (args and kwargs), "Cannot mix named and unnamed arguments."
+
+        value = args[0] if args else kwargs
+
+        if value is None or isinstance(value, (str, bytes)):
+            value = value.decode("ascii") if isinstance(value, bytes) else value
+            self._dict = parse_qs(value, keep_blank_values=True)
+        elif isinstance(value, QueryParams):
+            self._dict = {k: list(v) for k, v in value._dict.items()}
+        else:
+            dict_value: dict[typing.Any, list[typing.Any]] = {}
+            if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+                # Convert list inputs like:
+                #     [("a", "123"), ("a", "456"), ("b", "789")]
+                # To a dict representation, like:
+                #     {"a": ["123", "456"], "b": ["789"]}
+                for item in value:
+                    dict_value.setdefault(item[0], []).append(item[1])
+            else:
+                # Convert dict inputs like:
+                #    {"a": "123", "b": ["456", "789"]}
+                # To dict inputs where values are always lists, like:
+                #    {"a": ["123"], "b": ["456", "789"]}
+                dict_value = {
+                    k: list(v) if isinstance(v, (list, tuple)) else [v]
+                    for k, v in value.items()
+                }
+
+            # Ensure that keys and values are neatly coerced to strings.
+            # We coerce values `True` and `False` to JSON-like "true" and "false"
+            # representations, and coerce `None` values to the empty string.
+            self._dict = {
+                str(k): [primitive_value_to_str(item) for item in v]
+                for k, v in dict_value.items()
+            }
+
+    def keys(self) -> typing.KeysView[str]:
+        """
+        Return all the keys in the query params.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123&a=456&b=789")
+        assert list(q.keys()) == ["a", "b"]
+        """
+        return self._dict.keys()
+
+    def values(self) -> typing.ValuesView[str]:
+        """
+        Return all the values in the query params. If a key occurs more than once
+        only the first item for that key is returned.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123&a=456&b=789")
+        assert list(q.values()) == ["123", "789"]
+        """
+        return {k: v[0] for k, v in self._dict.items()}.values()
+
+    def items(self) -> typing.ItemsView[str, str]:
+        """
+        Return all items in the query params. If a key occurs more than once
+        only the first item for that key is returned.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123&a=456&b=789")
+        assert list(q.items()) == [("a", "123"), ("b", "789")]
+        """
+        return {k: v[0] for k, v in self._dict.items()}.items()
+
+    def multi_items(self) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
+        """
+        Return all items in the query params. Allow duplicate keys to occur.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123&a=456&b=789")
+        assert list(q.multi_items()) == [("a", "123"), ("a", "456"), ("b", "789")]
+        """
+        multi_items: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
+        for k, v in self._dict.items():
+            multi_items.extend([(k, i) for i in v])
+        return multi_items
+
+    def get(self, key: typing.Any, default: typing.Any = None) -> typing.Any:
+        """
+        Get a value from the query param for a given key. If the key occurs
+        more than once, then only the first value is returned.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123&a=456&b=789")
+        assert q.get("a") == "123"
+        """
+        if key in self._dict:
+            return self._dict[str(key)][0]
+        return default
+
+    def get_list(self, key: str) -> list[str]:
+        """
+        Get all values from the query param for a given key.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123&a=456&b=789")
+        assert q.get_list("a") == ["123", "456"]
+        """
+        return list(self._dict.get(str(key), []))
+
+    def set(self, key: str, value: typing.Any = None) -> QueryParams:
+        """
+        Return a new QueryParams instance, setting the value of a key.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123")
+        q = q.set("a", "456")
+        assert q == httpx.QueryParams("a=456")
+        """
+        q = QueryParams()
+        q._dict = dict(self._dict)
+        q._dict[str(key)] = [primitive_value_to_str(value)]
+        return q
+
+    def add(self, key: str, value: typing.Any = None) -> QueryParams:
+        """
+        Return a new QueryParams instance, setting or appending the value of a key.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123")
+        q = q.add("a", "456")
+        assert q == httpx.QueryParams("a=123&a=456")
+        """
+        q = QueryParams()
+        q._dict = dict(self._dict)
+        q._dict[str(key)] = q.get_list(key) + [primitive_value_to_str(value)]
+        return q
+
+    def remove(self, key: str) -> QueryParams:
+        """
+        Return a new QueryParams instance, removing the value of a key.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123")
+        q = q.remove("a")
+        assert q == httpx.QueryParams("")
+        """
+        q = QueryParams()
+        q._dict = dict(self._dict)
+        q._dict.pop(str(key), None)
+        return q
+
+    def merge(self, params: QueryParamTypes | None = None) -> QueryParams:
+        """
+        Return a new QueryParams instance, updated with.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123")
+        q = q.merge({"b": "456"})
+        assert q == httpx.QueryParams("a=123&b=456")
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123")
+        q = q.merge({"a": "456", "b": "789"})
+        assert q == httpx.QueryParams("a=456&b=789")
+        """
+        q = QueryParams(params)
+        q._dict = {**self._dict, **q._dict}
+        return q
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: typing.Any) -> str:
+        return self._dict[key][0]
+
+    def __contains__(self, key: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        return key in self._dict
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[typing.Any]:
+        return iter(self.keys())
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._dict)
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self._dict)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(str(self))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return False
+        return sorted(self.multi_items()) == sorted(other.multi_items())
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return urlencode(self.multi_items())
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        query_string = str(self)
+        return f"{class_name}({query_string!r})"
+
+    def update(self, params: QueryParamTypes | None = None) -> None:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "QueryParams are immutable since 0.18.0. "
+            "Use `q = q.merge(...)` to create an updated copy."
+        )
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: str, value: str) -> None:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "QueryParams are immutable since 0.18.0. "
+            "Use `q = q.set(key, value)` to create an updated copy."
+        )

env/lib/python3.11/site-packages/httpx/_utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ipaddress
+import os
+import re
+import typing
+from urllib.request import getproxies
+
+from ._types import PrimitiveData
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from ._urls import URL
+
+
+def primitive_value_to_str(value: PrimitiveData) -> str:
+    """
+    Coerce a primitive data type into a string value.
+
+    Note that we prefer JSON-style 'true'/'false' for boolean values here.
+    """
+    if value is True:
+        return "true"
+    elif value is False:
+        return "false"
+    elif value is None:
+        return ""
+    return str(value)
+
+
+def get_environment_proxies() -> dict[str, str | None]:
+    """Gets proxy information from the environment"""
+
+    # urllib.request.getproxies() falls back on System
+    # Registry and Config for proxies on Windows and macOS.
+    # We don't want to propagate non-HTTP proxies into
+    # our configuration such as 'TRAVIS_APT_PROXY'.
+    proxy_info = getproxies()
+    mounts: dict[str, str | None] = {}
+
+    for scheme in ("http", "https", "all"):
+        if proxy_info.get(scheme):
+            hostname = proxy_info[scheme]
+            mounts[f"{scheme}://"] = (
+                hostname if "://" in hostname else f"http://{hostname}"
+            )
+
+    no_proxy_hosts = [host.strip() for host in proxy_info.get("no", "").split(",")]
+    for hostname in no_proxy_hosts:
+        # See https://curl.haxx.se/libcurl/c/CURLOPT_NOPROXY.html for details
+        # on how names in `NO_PROXY` are handled.
+        if hostname == "*":
+            # If NO_PROXY=* is used or if "*" occurs as any one of the comma
+            # separated hostnames, then we should just bypass any information
+            # from HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY, ALL_PROXY, and always ignore
+            # proxies.
+            return {}
+        elif hostname:
+            # NO_PROXY=.google.com is marked as "all://*.google.com,
+            #   which disables "www.google.com" but not "google.com"
+            # NO_PROXY=google.com is marked as "all://*google.com,
+            #   which disables "www.google.com" and "google.com".
+            #   (But not "wwwgoogle.com")
+            # NO_PROXY can include domains, IPv6, IPv4 addresses and "localhost"
+            #   NO_PROXY=example.com,::1,localhost,192.168.0.0/16
+            if "://" in hostname:
+                mounts[hostname] = None
+            elif is_ipv4_hostname(hostname):
+                mounts[f"all://{hostname}"] = None
+            elif is_ipv6_hostname(hostname):
+                mounts[f"all://[{hostname}]"] = None
+            elif hostname.lower() == "localhost":
+                mounts[f"all://{hostname}"] = None
+            else:
+                mounts[f"all://*{hostname}"] = None
+
+    return mounts
+
+
+def to_bytes(value: str | bytes, encoding: str = "utf-8") -> bytes:
+    return value.encode(encoding) if isinstance(value, str) else value
+
+
+def to_str(value: str | bytes, encoding: str = "utf-8") -> str:
+    return value if isinstance(value, str) else value.decode(encoding)
+
+
+def to_bytes_or_str(value: str, match_type_of: typing.AnyStr) -> typing.AnyStr:
+    return value if isinstance(match_type_of, str) else value.encode()
+
+
+def unquote(value: str) -> str:
+    return value[1:-1] if value[0] == value[-1] == '"' else value
+
+
+def peek_filelike_length(stream: typing.Any) -> int | None:
+    """
+    Given a file-like stream object, return its length in number of bytes
+    without reading it into memory.
+    """
+    try:
+        # Is it an actual file?
+        fd = stream.fileno()
+        # Yup, seems to be an actual file.
+        length = os.fstat(fd).st_size
+    except (AttributeError, OSError):
+        # No... Maybe it's something that supports random access, like `io.BytesIO`?
+        try:
+            # Assuming so, go to end of stream to figure out its length,
+            # then put it back in place.
+            offset = stream.tell()
+            length = stream.seek(0, os.SEEK_END)
+            stream.seek(offset)
+        except (AttributeError, OSError):
+            # Not even that? Sorry, we're doomed...
+            return None
+
+    return length
+
+
+class URLPattern:
+    """
+    A utility class currently used for making lookups against proxy keys...
+
+    # Wildcard matching...
+    >>> pattern = URLPattern("all://")
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("http://example.com"))
+    True
+
+    # Witch scheme matching...
+    >>> pattern = URLPattern("https://")
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("https://example.com"))
+    True
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("http://example.com"))
+    False
+
+    # With domain matching...
+    >>> pattern = URLPattern("https://example.com")
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("https://example.com"))
+    True
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("http://example.com"))
+    False
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("https://other.com"))
+    False
+
+    # Wildcard scheme, with domain matching...
+    >>> pattern = URLPattern("all://example.com")
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("https://example.com"))
+    True
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("http://example.com"))
+    True
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("https://other.com"))
+    False
+
+    # With port matching...
+    >>> pattern = URLPattern("https://example.com:1234")
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("https://example.com:1234"))
+    True
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("https://example.com"))
+    False
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, pattern: str) -> None:
+        from ._urls import URL
+
+        if pattern and ":" not in pattern:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Proxy keys should use proper URL forms rather "
+                f"than plain scheme strings. "
+                f'Instead of "{pattern}", use "{pattern}://"'
+            )
+
+        url = URL(pattern)
+        self.pattern = pattern
+        self.scheme = "" if url.scheme == "all" else url.scheme
+        self.host = "" if url.host == "*" else url.host
+        self.port = url.port
+        if not url.host or url.host == "*":
+            self.host_regex: typing.Pattern[str] | None = None
+        elif url.host.startswith("*."):
+            # *.example.com should match "www.example.com", but not "example.com"
+            domain = re.escape(url.host[2:])
+            self.host_regex = re.compile(f"^.+\\.{domain}$")
+        elif url.host.startswith("*"):
+            # *example.com should match "www.example.com" and "example.com"
+            domain = re.escape(url.host[1:])
+            self.host_regex = re.compile(f"^(.+\\.)?{domain}$")
+        else:
+            # example.com should match "example.com" but not "www.example.com"
+            domain = re.escape(url.host)
+            self.host_regex = re.compile(f"^{domain}$")
+
+    def matches(self, other: URL) -> bool:
+        if self.scheme and self.scheme != other.scheme:
+            return False
+        if (
+            self.host
+            and self.host_regex is not None
+            and not self.host_regex.match(other.host)
+        ):
+            return False
+        if self.port is not None and self.port != other.port:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    @property
+    def priority(self) -> tuple[int, int, int]:
+        """
+        The priority allows URLPattern instances to be sortable, so that
+        we can match from most specific to least specific.
+        """
+        # URLs with a port should take priority over URLs without a port.
+        port_priority = 0 if self.port is not None else 1
+        # Longer hostnames should match first.
+        host_priority = -len(self.host)
+        # Longer schemes should match first.
+        scheme_priority = -len(self.scheme)
+        return (port_priority, host_priority, scheme_priority)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.pattern)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: URLPattern) -> bool:
+        return self.priority < other.priority
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, URLPattern) and self.pattern == other.pattern
+
+
+def is_ipv4_hostname(hostname: str) -> bool:
+    try:
+        ipaddress.IPv4Address(hostname.split("/")[0])
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def is_ipv6_hostname(hostname: str) -> bool:
+    try:
+        ipaddress.IPv6Address(hostname.split("/")[0])
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+    return True