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"""Exception classes raised by urllib.
The base exception class is URLError, which inherits from IOError. It
doesn't define any behavior of its own, but is the base class for all
exceptions defined in this package.
HTTPError is an exception class that is also a valid HTTP response
instance. It behaves this way because HTTP protocol errors are valid
responses, with a status code, headers, and a body. In some contexts,
an application may want to handle an exception like a regular
response.
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import, division, unicode_literals
from future import standard_library
from future.backports.urllib import response as urllib_response
__all__ = ['URLError', 'HTTPError', 'ContentTooShortError']
# do these error classes make sense?
# make sure all of the IOError stuff is overridden. we just want to be
# subtypes.
class URLError(IOError):
# URLError is a sub-type of IOError, but it doesn't share any of
# the implementation. need to override __init__ and __str__.
# It sets self.args for compatibility with other EnvironmentError
# subclasses, but args doesn't have the typical format with errno in
# slot 0 and strerror in slot 1. This may be better than nothing.
def __init__(self, reason, filename=None):
self.args = reason,
self.reason = reason
if filename is not None:
self.filename = filename
def __str__(self):
return '<urlopen error %s>' % self.reason
class HTTPError(URLError, urllib_response.addinfourl):
"""Raised when HTTP error occurs, but also acts like non-error return"""
__super_init = urllib_response.addinfourl.__init__
def __init__(self, url, code, msg, hdrs, fp):
self.code = code
self.msg = msg
self.hdrs = hdrs
self.fp = fp
self.filename = url
# The addinfourl classes depend on fp being a valid file
# object. In some cases, the HTTPError may not have a valid
# file object. If this happens, the simplest workaround is to
# not initialize the base classes.
if fp is not None:
self.__super_init(fp, hdrs, url, code)
def __str__(self):
return 'HTTP Error %s: %s' % (self.code, self.msg)
# since URLError specifies a .reason attribute, HTTPError should also
# provide this attribute. See issue13211 for discussion.
@property
def reason(self):
return self.msg
def info(self):
return self.hdrs
# exception raised when downloaded size does not match content-length
class ContentTooShortError(URLError):
def __init__(self, message, content):
URLError.__init__(self, message)
self.content = content

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"""
Ported using Python-Future from the Python 3.3 standard library.
Parse (absolute and relative) URLs.
urlparse module is based upon the following RFC specifications.
RFC 3986 (STD66): "Uniform Resource Identifiers" by T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding
and L. Masinter, January 2005.
RFC 2732 : "Format for Literal IPv6 Addresses in URL's by R.Hinden, B.Carpenter
and L.Masinter, December 1999.
RFC 2396: "Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI)": Generic Syntax by T.
Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, and L. Masinter, August 1998.
RFC 2368: "The mailto URL scheme", by P.Hoffman , L Masinter, J. Zawinski, July 1998.
RFC 1808: "Relative Uniform Resource Locators", by R. Fielding, UC Irvine, June
1995.
RFC 1738: "Uniform Resource Locators (URL)" by T. Berners-Lee, L. Masinter, M.
McCahill, December 1994
RFC 3986 is considered the current standard and any future changes to
urlparse module should conform with it. The urlparse module is
currently not entirely compliant with this RFC due to defacto
scenarios for parsing, and for backward compatibility purposes, some
parsing quirks from older RFCs are retained. The testcases in
test_urlparse.py provides a good indicator of parsing behavior.
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import, division, unicode_literals
from future.builtins import bytes, chr, dict, int, range, str
from future.utils import raise_with_traceback
import re
import sys
import collections
__all__ = ["urlparse", "urlunparse", "urljoin", "urldefrag",
"urlsplit", "urlunsplit", "urlencode", "parse_qs",
"parse_qsl", "quote", "quote_plus", "quote_from_bytes",
"unquote", "unquote_plus", "unquote_to_bytes"]
# A classification of schemes ('' means apply by default)
uses_relative = ['ftp', 'http', 'gopher', 'nntp', 'imap',
'wais', 'file', 'https', 'shttp', 'mms',
'prospero', 'rtsp', 'rtspu', '', 'sftp',
'svn', 'svn+ssh']
uses_netloc = ['ftp', 'http', 'gopher', 'nntp', 'telnet',
'imap', 'wais', 'file', 'mms', 'https', 'shttp',
'snews', 'prospero', 'rtsp', 'rtspu', 'rsync', '',
'svn', 'svn+ssh', 'sftp', 'nfs', 'git', 'git+ssh']
uses_params = ['ftp', 'hdl', 'prospero', 'http', 'imap',
'https', 'shttp', 'rtsp', 'rtspu', 'sip', 'sips',
'mms', '', 'sftp', 'tel']
# These are not actually used anymore, but should stay for backwards
# compatibility. (They are undocumented, but have a public-looking name.)
non_hierarchical = ['gopher', 'hdl', 'mailto', 'news',
'telnet', 'wais', 'imap', 'snews', 'sip', 'sips']
uses_query = ['http', 'wais', 'imap', 'https', 'shttp', 'mms',
'gopher', 'rtsp', 'rtspu', 'sip', 'sips', '']
uses_fragment = ['ftp', 'hdl', 'http', 'gopher', 'news',
'nntp', 'wais', 'https', 'shttp', 'snews',
'file', 'prospero', '']
# Characters valid in scheme names
scheme_chars = ('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
'0123456789'
'+-.')
# XXX: Consider replacing with functools.lru_cache
MAX_CACHE_SIZE = 20
_parse_cache = {}
def clear_cache():
"""Clear the parse cache and the quoters cache."""
_parse_cache.clear()
_safe_quoters.clear()
# Helpers for bytes handling
# For 3.2, we deliberately require applications that
# handle improperly quoted URLs to do their own
# decoding and encoding. If valid use cases are
# presented, we may relax this by using latin-1
# decoding internally for 3.3
_implicit_encoding = 'ascii'
_implicit_errors = 'strict'
def _noop(obj):
return obj
def _encode_result(obj, encoding=_implicit_encoding,
errors=_implicit_errors):
return obj.encode(encoding, errors)
def _decode_args(args, encoding=_implicit_encoding,
errors=_implicit_errors):
return tuple(x.decode(encoding, errors) if x else '' for x in args)
def _coerce_args(*args):
# Invokes decode if necessary to create str args
# and returns the coerced inputs along with
# an appropriate result coercion function
# - noop for str inputs
# - encoding function otherwise
str_input = isinstance(args[0], str)
for arg in args[1:]:
# We special-case the empty string to support the
# "scheme=''" default argument to some functions
if arg and isinstance(arg, str) != str_input:
raise TypeError("Cannot mix str and non-str arguments")
if str_input:
return args + (_noop,)
return _decode_args(args) + (_encode_result,)
# Result objects are more helpful than simple tuples
class _ResultMixinStr(object):
"""Standard approach to encoding parsed results from str to bytes"""
__slots__ = ()
def encode(self, encoding='ascii', errors='strict'):
return self._encoded_counterpart(*(x.encode(encoding, errors) for x in self))
class _ResultMixinBytes(object):
"""Standard approach to decoding parsed results from bytes to str"""
__slots__ = ()
def decode(self, encoding='ascii', errors='strict'):
return self._decoded_counterpart(*(x.decode(encoding, errors) for x in self))
class _NetlocResultMixinBase(object):
"""Shared methods for the parsed result objects containing a netloc element"""
__slots__ = ()
@property
def username(self):
return self._userinfo[0]
@property
def password(self):
return self._userinfo[1]
@property
def hostname(self):
hostname = self._hostinfo[0]
if not hostname:
hostname = None
elif hostname is not None:
hostname = hostname.lower()
return hostname
@property
def port(self):
port = self._hostinfo[1]
if port is not None:
port = int(port, 10)
# Return None on an illegal port
if not ( 0 <= port <= 65535):
return None
return port
class _NetlocResultMixinStr(_NetlocResultMixinBase, _ResultMixinStr):
__slots__ = ()
@property
def _userinfo(self):
netloc = self.netloc
userinfo, have_info, hostinfo = netloc.rpartition('@')
if have_info:
username, have_password, password = userinfo.partition(':')
if not have_password:
password = None
else:
username = password = None
return username, password
@property
def _hostinfo(self):
netloc = self.netloc
_, _, hostinfo = netloc.rpartition('@')
_, have_open_br, bracketed = hostinfo.partition('[')
if have_open_br:
hostname, _, port = bracketed.partition(']')
_, have_port, port = port.partition(':')
else:
hostname, have_port, port = hostinfo.partition(':')
if not have_port:
port = None
return hostname, port
class _NetlocResultMixinBytes(_NetlocResultMixinBase, _ResultMixinBytes):
__slots__ = ()
@property
def _userinfo(self):
netloc = self.netloc
userinfo, have_info, hostinfo = netloc.rpartition(b'@')
if have_info:
username, have_password, password = userinfo.partition(b':')
if not have_password:
password = None
else:
username = password = None
return username, password
@property
def _hostinfo(self):
netloc = self.netloc
_, _, hostinfo = netloc.rpartition(b'@')
_, have_open_br, bracketed = hostinfo.partition(b'[')
if have_open_br:
hostname, _, port = bracketed.partition(b']')
_, have_port, port = port.partition(b':')
else:
hostname, have_port, port = hostinfo.partition(b':')
if not have_port:
port = None
return hostname, port
from collections import namedtuple
_DefragResultBase = namedtuple('DefragResult', 'url fragment')
_SplitResultBase = namedtuple('SplitResult', 'scheme netloc path query fragment')
_ParseResultBase = namedtuple('ParseResult', 'scheme netloc path params query fragment')
# For backwards compatibility, alias _NetlocResultMixinStr
# ResultBase is no longer part of the documented API, but it is
# retained since deprecating it isn't worth the hassle
ResultBase = _NetlocResultMixinStr
# Structured result objects for string data
class DefragResult(_DefragResultBase, _ResultMixinStr):
__slots__ = ()
def geturl(self):
if self.fragment:
return self.url + '#' + self.fragment
else:
return self.url
class SplitResult(_SplitResultBase, _NetlocResultMixinStr):
__slots__ = ()
def geturl(self):
return urlunsplit(self)
class ParseResult(_ParseResultBase, _NetlocResultMixinStr):
__slots__ = ()
def geturl(self):
return urlunparse(self)
# Structured result objects for bytes data
class DefragResultBytes(_DefragResultBase, _ResultMixinBytes):
__slots__ = ()
def geturl(self):
if self.fragment:
return self.url + b'#' + self.fragment
else:
return self.url
class SplitResultBytes(_SplitResultBase, _NetlocResultMixinBytes):
__slots__ = ()
def geturl(self):
return urlunsplit(self)
class ParseResultBytes(_ParseResultBase, _NetlocResultMixinBytes):
__slots__ = ()
def geturl(self):
return urlunparse(self)
# Set up the encode/decode result pairs
def _fix_result_transcoding():
_result_pairs = (
(DefragResult, DefragResultBytes),
(SplitResult, SplitResultBytes),
(ParseResult, ParseResultBytes),
)
for _decoded, _encoded in _result_pairs:
_decoded._encoded_counterpart = _encoded
_encoded._decoded_counterpart = _decoded
_fix_result_transcoding()
del _fix_result_transcoding
def urlparse(url, scheme='', allow_fragments=True):
"""Parse a URL into 6 components:
<scheme>://<netloc>/<path>;<params>?<query>#<fragment>
Return a 6-tuple: (scheme, netloc, path, params, query, fragment).
Note that we don't break the components up in smaller bits
(e.g. netloc is a single string) and we don't expand % escapes."""
url, scheme, _coerce_result = _coerce_args(url, scheme)
splitresult = urlsplit(url, scheme, allow_fragments)
scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment = splitresult
if scheme in uses_params and ';' in url:
url, params = _splitparams(url)
else:
params = ''
result = ParseResult(scheme, netloc, url, params, query, fragment)
return _coerce_result(result)
def _splitparams(url):
if '/' in url:
i = url.find(';', url.rfind('/'))
if i < 0:
return url, ''
else:
i = url.find(';')
return url[:i], url[i+1:]
def _splitnetloc(url, start=0):
delim = len(url) # position of end of domain part of url, default is end
for c in '/?#': # look for delimiters; the order is NOT important
wdelim = url.find(c, start) # find first of this delim
if wdelim >= 0: # if found
delim = min(delim, wdelim) # use earliest delim position
return url[start:delim], url[delim:] # return (domain, rest)
def urlsplit(url, scheme='', allow_fragments=True):
"""Parse a URL into 5 components:
<scheme>://<netloc>/<path>?<query>#<fragment>
Return a 5-tuple: (scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment).
Note that we don't break the components up in smaller bits
(e.g. netloc is a single string) and we don't expand % escapes."""
url, scheme, _coerce_result = _coerce_args(url, scheme)
allow_fragments = bool(allow_fragments)
key = url, scheme, allow_fragments, type(url), type(scheme)
cached = _parse_cache.get(key, None)
if cached:
return _coerce_result(cached)
if len(_parse_cache) >= MAX_CACHE_SIZE: # avoid runaway growth
clear_cache()
netloc = query = fragment = ''
i = url.find(':')
if i > 0:
if url[:i] == 'http': # optimize the common case
scheme = url[:i].lower()
url = url[i+1:]
if url[:2] == '//':
netloc, url = _splitnetloc(url, 2)
if (('[' in netloc and ']' not in netloc) or
(']' in netloc and '[' not in netloc)):
raise ValueError("Invalid IPv6 URL")
if allow_fragments and '#' in url:
url, fragment = url.split('#', 1)
if '?' in url:
url, query = url.split('?', 1)
v = SplitResult(scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment)
_parse_cache[key] = v
return _coerce_result(v)
for c in url[:i]:
if c not in scheme_chars:
break
else:
# make sure "url" is not actually a port number (in which case
# "scheme" is really part of the path)
rest = url[i+1:]
if not rest or any(c not in '0123456789' for c in rest):
# not a port number
scheme, url = url[:i].lower(), rest
if url[:2] == '//':
netloc, url = _splitnetloc(url, 2)
if (('[' in netloc and ']' not in netloc) or
(']' in netloc and '[' not in netloc)):
raise ValueError("Invalid IPv6 URL")
if allow_fragments and '#' in url:
url, fragment = url.split('#', 1)
if '?' in url:
url, query = url.split('?', 1)
v = SplitResult(scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment)
_parse_cache[key] = v
return _coerce_result(v)
def urlunparse(components):
"""Put a parsed URL back together again. This may result in a
slightly different, but equivalent URL, if the URL that was parsed
originally had redundant delimiters, e.g. a ? with an empty query
(the draft states that these are equivalent)."""
scheme, netloc, url, params, query, fragment, _coerce_result = (
_coerce_args(*components))
if params:
url = "%s;%s" % (url, params)
return _coerce_result(urlunsplit((scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment)))
def urlunsplit(components):
"""Combine the elements of a tuple as returned by urlsplit() into a
complete URL as a string. The data argument can be any five-item iterable.
This may result in a slightly different, but equivalent URL, if the URL that
was parsed originally had unnecessary delimiters (for example, a ? with an
empty query; the RFC states that these are equivalent)."""
scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment, _coerce_result = (
_coerce_args(*components))
if netloc or (scheme and scheme in uses_netloc and url[:2] != '//'):
if url and url[:1] != '/': url = '/' + url
url = '//' + (netloc or '') + url
if scheme:
url = scheme + ':' + url
if query:
url = url + '?' + query
if fragment:
url = url + '#' + fragment
return _coerce_result(url)
def urljoin(base, url, allow_fragments=True):
"""Join a base URL and a possibly relative URL to form an absolute
interpretation of the latter."""
if not base:
return url
if not url:
return base
base, url, _coerce_result = _coerce_args(base, url)
bscheme, bnetloc, bpath, bparams, bquery, bfragment = \
urlparse(base, '', allow_fragments)
scheme, netloc, path, params, query, fragment = \
urlparse(url, bscheme, allow_fragments)
if scheme != bscheme or scheme not in uses_relative:
return _coerce_result(url)
if scheme in uses_netloc:
if netloc:
return _coerce_result(urlunparse((scheme, netloc, path,
params, query, fragment)))
netloc = bnetloc
if path[:1] == '/':
return _coerce_result(urlunparse((scheme, netloc, path,
params, query, fragment)))
if not path and not params:
path = bpath
params = bparams
if not query:
query = bquery
return _coerce_result(urlunparse((scheme, netloc, path,
params, query, fragment)))
segments = bpath.split('/')[:-1] + path.split('/')
# XXX The stuff below is bogus in various ways...
if segments[-1] == '.':
segments[-1] = ''
while '.' in segments:
segments.remove('.')
while 1:
i = 1
n = len(segments) - 1
while i < n:
if (segments[i] == '..'
and segments[i-1] not in ('', '..')):
del segments[i-1:i+1]
break
i = i+1
else:
break
if segments == ['', '..']:
segments[-1] = ''
elif len(segments) >= 2 and segments[-1] == '..':
segments[-2:] = ['']
return _coerce_result(urlunparse((scheme, netloc, '/'.join(segments),
params, query, fragment)))
def urldefrag(url):
"""Removes any existing fragment from URL.
Returns a tuple of the defragmented URL and the fragment. If
the URL contained no fragments, the second element is the
empty string.
"""
url, _coerce_result = _coerce_args(url)
if '#' in url:
s, n, p, a, q, frag = urlparse(url)
defrag = urlunparse((s, n, p, a, q, ''))
else:
frag = ''
defrag = url
return _coerce_result(DefragResult(defrag, frag))
_hexdig = '0123456789ABCDEFabcdef'
_hextobyte = dict(((a + b).encode(), bytes([int(a + b, 16)]))
for a in _hexdig for b in _hexdig)
def unquote_to_bytes(string):
"""unquote_to_bytes('abc%20def') -> b'abc def'."""
# Note: strings are encoded as UTF-8. This is only an issue if it contains
# unescaped non-ASCII characters, which URIs should not.
if not string:
# Is it a string-like object?
string.split
return bytes(b'')
if isinstance(string, str):
string = string.encode('utf-8')
### For Python-Future:
# It is already a byte-string object, but force it to be newbytes here on
# Py2:
string = bytes(string)
###
bits = string.split(b'%')
if len(bits) == 1:
return string
res = [bits[0]]
append = res.append
for item in bits[1:]:
try:
append(_hextobyte[item[:2]])
append(item[2:])
except KeyError:
append(b'%')
append(item)
return bytes(b'').join(res)
_asciire = re.compile('([\x00-\x7f]+)')
def unquote(string, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace'):
"""Replace %xx escapes by their single-character equivalent. The optional
encoding and errors parameters specify how to decode percent-encoded
sequences into Unicode characters, as accepted by the bytes.decode()
method.
By default, percent-encoded sequences are decoded with UTF-8, and invalid
sequences are replaced by a placeholder character.
unquote('abc%20def') -> 'abc def'.
"""
if '%' not in string:
string.split
return string
if encoding is None:
encoding = 'utf-8'
if errors is None:
errors = 'replace'
bits = _asciire.split(string)
res = [bits[0]]
append = res.append
for i in range(1, len(bits), 2):
append(unquote_to_bytes(bits[i]).decode(encoding, errors))
append(bits[i + 1])
return ''.join(res)
def parse_qs(qs, keep_blank_values=False, strict_parsing=False,
encoding='utf-8', errors='replace'):
"""Parse a query given as a string argument.
Arguments:
qs: percent-encoded query string to be parsed
keep_blank_values: flag indicating whether blank values in
percent-encoded queries should be treated as blank strings.
A true value indicates that blanks should be retained as
blank strings. The default false value indicates that
blank values are to be ignored and treated as if they were
not included.
strict_parsing: flag indicating what to do with parsing errors.
If false (the default), errors are silently ignored.
If true, errors raise a ValueError exception.
encoding and errors: specify how to decode percent-encoded sequences
into Unicode characters, as accepted by the bytes.decode() method.
"""
parsed_result = {}
pairs = parse_qsl(qs, keep_blank_values, strict_parsing,
encoding=encoding, errors=errors)
for name, value in pairs:
if name in parsed_result:
parsed_result[name].append(value)
else:
parsed_result[name] = [value]
return parsed_result
def parse_qsl(qs, keep_blank_values=False, strict_parsing=False,
encoding='utf-8', errors='replace'):
"""Parse a query given as a string argument.
Arguments:
qs: percent-encoded query string to be parsed
keep_blank_values: flag indicating whether blank values in
percent-encoded queries should be treated as blank strings. A
true value indicates that blanks should be retained as blank
strings. The default false value indicates that blank values
are to be ignored and treated as if they were not included.
strict_parsing: flag indicating what to do with parsing errors. If
false (the default), errors are silently ignored. If true,
errors raise a ValueError exception.
encoding and errors: specify how to decode percent-encoded sequences
into Unicode characters, as accepted by the bytes.decode() method.
Returns a list, as G-d intended.
"""
qs, _coerce_result = _coerce_args(qs)
pairs = [s2 for s1 in qs.split('&') for s2 in s1.split(';')]
r = []
for name_value in pairs:
if not name_value and not strict_parsing:
continue
nv = name_value.split('=', 1)
if len(nv) != 2:
if strict_parsing:
raise ValueError("bad query field: %r" % (name_value,))
# Handle case of a control-name with no equal sign
if keep_blank_values:
nv.append('')
else:
continue
if len(nv[1]) or keep_blank_values:
name = nv[0].replace('+', ' ')
name = unquote(name, encoding=encoding, errors=errors)
name = _coerce_result(name)
value = nv[1].replace('+', ' ')
value = unquote(value, encoding=encoding, errors=errors)
value = _coerce_result(value)
r.append((name, value))
return r
def unquote_plus(string, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace'):
"""Like unquote(), but also replace plus signs by spaces, as required for
unquoting HTML form values.
unquote_plus('%7e/abc+def') -> '~/abc def'
"""
string = string.replace('+', ' ')
return unquote(string, encoding, errors)
_ALWAYS_SAFE = frozenset(bytes(b'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
b'0123456789'
b'_.-'))
_ALWAYS_SAFE_BYTES = bytes(_ALWAYS_SAFE)
_safe_quoters = {}
class Quoter(collections.defaultdict):
"""A mapping from bytes (in range(0,256)) to strings.
String values are percent-encoded byte values, unless the key < 128, and
in the "safe" set (either the specified safe set, or default set).
"""
# Keeps a cache internally, using defaultdict, for efficiency (lookups
# of cached keys don't call Python code at all).
def __init__(self, safe):
"""safe: bytes object."""
self.safe = _ALWAYS_SAFE.union(bytes(safe))
def __repr__(self):
# Without this, will just display as a defaultdict
return "<Quoter %r>" % dict(self)
def __missing__(self, b):
# Handle a cache miss. Store quoted string in cache and return.
res = chr(b) if b in self.safe else '%{0:02X}'.format(b)
self[b] = res
return res
def quote(string, safe='/', encoding=None, errors=None):
"""quote('abc def') -> 'abc%20def'
Each part of a URL, e.g. the path info, the query, etc., has a
different set of reserved characters that must be quoted.
RFC 2396 Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax lists
the following reserved characters.
reserved = ";" | "/" | "?" | ":" | "@" | "&" | "=" | "+" |
"$" | ","
Each of these characters is reserved in some component of a URL,
but not necessarily in all of them.
By default, the quote function is intended for quoting the path
section of a URL. Thus, it will not encode '/'. This character
is reserved, but in typical usage the quote function is being
called on a path where the existing slash characters are used as
reserved characters.
string and safe may be either str or bytes objects. encoding must
not be specified if string is a str.
The optional encoding and errors parameters specify how to deal with
non-ASCII characters, as accepted by the str.encode method.
By default, encoding='utf-8' (characters are encoded with UTF-8), and
errors='strict' (unsupported characters raise a UnicodeEncodeError).
"""
if isinstance(string, str):
if not string:
return string
if encoding is None:
encoding = 'utf-8'
if errors is None:
errors = 'strict'
string = string.encode(encoding, errors)
else:
if encoding is not None:
raise TypeError("quote() doesn't support 'encoding' for bytes")
if errors is not None:
raise TypeError("quote() doesn't support 'errors' for bytes")
return quote_from_bytes(string, safe)
def quote_plus(string, safe='', encoding=None, errors=None):
"""Like quote(), but also replace ' ' with '+', as required for quoting
HTML form values. Plus signs in the original string are escaped unless
they are included in safe. It also does not have safe default to '/'.
"""
# Check if ' ' in string, where string may either be a str or bytes. If
# there are no spaces, the regular quote will produce the right answer.
if ((isinstance(string, str) and ' ' not in string) or
(isinstance(string, bytes) and b' ' not in string)):
return quote(string, safe, encoding, errors)
if isinstance(safe, str):
space = str(' ')
else:
space = bytes(b' ')
string = quote(string, safe + space, encoding, errors)
return string.replace(' ', '+')
def quote_from_bytes(bs, safe='/'):
"""Like quote(), but accepts a bytes object rather than a str, and does
not perform string-to-bytes encoding. It always returns an ASCII string.
quote_from_bytes(b'abc def\x3f') -> 'abc%20def%3f'
"""
if not isinstance(bs, (bytes, bytearray)):
raise TypeError("quote_from_bytes() expected bytes")
if not bs:
return str('')
### For Python-Future:
bs = bytes(bs)
###
if isinstance(safe, str):
# Normalize 'safe' by converting to bytes and removing non-ASCII chars
safe = str(safe).encode('ascii', 'ignore')
else:
### For Python-Future:
safe = bytes(safe)
###
safe = bytes([c for c in safe if c < 128])
if not bs.rstrip(_ALWAYS_SAFE_BYTES + safe):
return bs.decode()
try:
quoter = _safe_quoters[safe]
except KeyError:
_safe_quoters[safe] = quoter = Quoter(safe).__getitem__
return str('').join([quoter(char) for char in bs])
def urlencode(query, doseq=False, safe='', encoding=None, errors=None):
"""Encode a sequence of two-element tuples or dictionary into a URL query string.
If any values in the query arg are sequences and doseq is true, each
sequence element is converted to a separate parameter.
If the query arg is a sequence of two-element tuples, the order of the
parameters in the output will match the order of parameters in the
input.
The query arg may be either a string or a bytes type. When query arg is a
string, the safe, encoding and error parameters are sent the quote_plus for
encoding.
"""
if hasattr(query, "items"):
query = query.items()
else:
# It's a bother at times that strings and string-like objects are
# sequences.
try:
# non-sequence items should not work with len()
# non-empty strings will fail this
if len(query) and not isinstance(query[0], tuple):
raise TypeError
# Zero-length sequences of all types will get here and succeed,
# but that's a minor nit. Since the original implementation
# allowed empty dicts that type of behavior probably should be
# preserved for consistency
except TypeError:
ty, va, tb = sys.exc_info()
raise_with_traceback(TypeError("not a valid non-string sequence "
"or mapping object"), tb)
l = []
if not doseq:
for k, v in query:
if isinstance(k, bytes):
k = quote_plus(k, safe)
else:
k = quote_plus(str(k), safe, encoding, errors)
if isinstance(v, bytes):
v = quote_plus(v, safe)
else:
v = quote_plus(str(v), safe, encoding, errors)
l.append(k + '=' + v)
else:
for k, v in query:
if isinstance(k, bytes):
k = quote_plus(k, safe)
else:
k = quote_plus(str(k), safe, encoding, errors)
if isinstance(v, bytes):
v = quote_plus(v, safe)
l.append(k + '=' + v)
elif isinstance(v, str):
v = quote_plus(v, safe, encoding, errors)
l.append(k + '=' + v)
else:
try:
# Is this a sufficient test for sequence-ness?
x = len(v)
except TypeError:
# not a sequence
v = quote_plus(str(v), safe, encoding, errors)
l.append(k + '=' + v)
else:
# loop over the sequence
for elt in v:
if isinstance(elt, bytes):
elt = quote_plus(elt, safe)
else:
elt = quote_plus(str(elt), safe, encoding, errors)
l.append(k + '=' + elt)
return str('&').join(l)
# Utilities to parse URLs (most of these return None for missing parts):
# unwrap('<URL:type://host/path>') --> 'type://host/path'
# splittype('type:opaquestring') --> 'type', 'opaquestring'
# splithost('//host[:port]/path') --> 'host[:port]', '/path'
# splituser('user[:passwd]@host[:port]') --> 'user[:passwd]', 'host[:port]'
# splitpasswd('user:passwd') -> 'user', 'passwd'
# splitport('host:port') --> 'host', 'port'
# splitquery('/path?query') --> '/path', 'query'
# splittag('/path#tag') --> '/path', 'tag'
# splitattr('/path;attr1=value1;attr2=value2;...') ->
# '/path', ['attr1=value1', 'attr2=value2', ...]
# splitvalue('attr=value') --> 'attr', 'value'
# urllib.parse.unquote('abc%20def') -> 'abc def'
# quote('abc def') -> 'abc%20def')
def to_bytes(url):
"""to_bytes(u"URL") --> 'URL'."""
# Most URL schemes require ASCII. If that changes, the conversion
# can be relaxed.
# XXX get rid of to_bytes()
if isinstance(url, str):
try:
url = url.encode("ASCII").decode()
except UnicodeError:
raise UnicodeError("URL " + repr(url) +
" contains non-ASCII characters")
return url
def unwrap(url):
"""unwrap('<URL:type://host/path>') --> 'type://host/path'."""
url = str(url).strip()
if url[:1] == '<' and url[-1:] == '>':
url = url[1:-1].strip()
if url[:4] == 'URL:': url = url[4:].strip()
return url
_typeprog = None
def splittype(url):
"""splittype('type:opaquestring') --> 'type', 'opaquestring'."""
global _typeprog
if _typeprog is None:
import re
_typeprog = re.compile('^([^/:]+):')
match = _typeprog.match(url)
if match:
scheme = match.group(1)
return scheme.lower(), url[len(scheme) + 1:]
return None, url
_hostprog = None
def splithost(url):
"""splithost('//host[:port]/path') --> 'host[:port]', '/path'."""
global _hostprog
if _hostprog is None:
import re
_hostprog = re.compile('^//([^/?]*)(.*)$')
match = _hostprog.match(url)
if match:
host_port = match.group(1)
path = match.group(2)
if path and not path.startswith('/'):
path = '/' + path
return host_port, path
return None, url
_userprog = None
def splituser(host):
"""splituser('user[:passwd]@host[:port]') --> 'user[:passwd]', 'host[:port]'."""
global _userprog
if _userprog is None:
import re
_userprog = re.compile('^(.*)@(.*)$')
match = _userprog.match(host)
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
return None, host
_passwdprog = None
def splitpasswd(user):
"""splitpasswd('user:passwd') -> 'user', 'passwd'."""
global _passwdprog
if _passwdprog is None:
import re
_passwdprog = re.compile('^([^:]*):(.*)$',re.S)
match = _passwdprog.match(user)
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
return user, None
# splittag('/path#tag') --> '/path', 'tag'
_portprog = None
def splitport(host):
"""splitport('host:port') --> 'host', 'port'."""
global _portprog
if _portprog is None:
import re
_portprog = re.compile('^(.*):([0-9]+)$')
match = _portprog.match(host)
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
return host, None
_nportprog = None
def splitnport(host, defport=-1):
"""Split host and port, returning numeric port.
Return given default port if no ':' found; defaults to -1.
Return numerical port if a valid number are found after ':'.
Return None if ':' but not a valid number."""
global _nportprog
if _nportprog is None:
import re
_nportprog = re.compile('^(.*):(.*)$')
match = _nportprog.match(host)
if match:
host, port = match.group(1, 2)
try:
if not port: raise ValueError("no digits")
nport = int(port)
except ValueError:
nport = None
return host, nport
return host, defport
_queryprog = None
def splitquery(url):
"""splitquery('/path?query') --> '/path', 'query'."""
global _queryprog
if _queryprog is None:
import re
_queryprog = re.compile('^(.*)\?([^?]*)$')
match = _queryprog.match(url)
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
return url, None
_tagprog = None
def splittag(url):
"""splittag('/path#tag') --> '/path', 'tag'."""
global _tagprog
if _tagprog is None:
import re
_tagprog = re.compile('^(.*)#([^#]*)$')
match = _tagprog.match(url)
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
return url, None
def splitattr(url):
"""splitattr('/path;attr1=value1;attr2=value2;...') ->
'/path', ['attr1=value1', 'attr2=value2', ...]."""
words = url.split(';')
return words[0], words[1:]
_valueprog = None
def splitvalue(attr):
"""splitvalue('attr=value') --> 'attr', 'value'."""
global _valueprog
if _valueprog is None:
import re
_valueprog = re.compile('^([^=]*)=(.*)$')
match = _valueprog.match(attr)
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
return attr, None

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@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
"""Response classes used by urllib.
The base class, addbase, defines a minimal file-like interface,
including read() and readline(). The typical response object is an
addinfourl instance, which defines an info() method that returns
headers and a geturl() method that returns the url.
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import, division, unicode_literals
from future.builtins import object
class addbase(object):
"""Base class for addinfo and addclosehook."""
# XXX Add a method to expose the timeout on the underlying socket?
def __init__(self, fp):
# TODO(jhylton): Is there a better way to delegate using io?
self.fp = fp
self.read = self.fp.read
self.readline = self.fp.readline
# TODO(jhylton): Make sure an object with readlines() is also iterable
if hasattr(self.fp, "readlines"):
self.readlines = self.fp.readlines
if hasattr(self.fp, "fileno"):
self.fileno = self.fp.fileno
else:
self.fileno = lambda: None
def __iter__(self):
# Assigning `__iter__` to the instance doesn't work as intended
# because the iter builtin does something like `cls.__iter__(obj)`
# and thus fails to find the _bound_ method `obj.__iter__`.
# Returning just `self.fp` works for built-in file objects but
# might not work for general file-like objects.
return iter(self.fp)
def __repr__(self):
return '<%s at %r whose fp = %r>' % (self.__class__.__name__,
id(self), self.fp)
def close(self):
if self.fp:
self.fp.close()
self.fp = None
self.read = None
self.readline = None
self.readlines = None
self.fileno = None
self.__iter__ = None
self.__next__ = None
def __enter__(self):
if self.fp is None:
raise ValueError("I/O operation on closed file")
return self
def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
self.close()
class addclosehook(addbase):
"""Class to add a close hook to an open file."""
def __init__(self, fp, closehook, *hookargs):
addbase.__init__(self, fp)
self.closehook = closehook
self.hookargs = hookargs
def close(self):
if self.closehook:
self.closehook(*self.hookargs)
self.closehook = None
self.hookargs = None
addbase.close(self)
class addinfo(addbase):
"""class to add an info() method to an open file."""
def __init__(self, fp, headers):
addbase.__init__(self, fp)
self.headers = headers
def info(self):
return self.headers
class addinfourl(addbase):
"""class to add info() and geturl() methods to an open file."""
def __init__(self, fp, headers, url, code=None):
addbase.__init__(self, fp)
self.headers = headers
self.url = url
self.code = code
def info(self):
return self.headers
def getcode(self):
return self.code
def geturl(self):
return self.url
del absolute_import, division, unicode_literals, object

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@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
from __future__ import absolute_import, division, unicode_literals
from future.builtins import str
""" robotparser.py
Copyright (C) 2000 Bastian Kleineidam
You can choose between two licenses when using this package:
1) GNU GPLv2
2) PSF license for Python 2.2
The robots.txt Exclusion Protocol is implemented as specified in
http://info.webcrawler.com/mak/projects/robots/norobots-rfc.html
"""
# Was: import urllib.parse, urllib.request
from future.backports import urllib
from future.backports.urllib import parse as _parse, request as _request
urllib.parse = _parse
urllib.request = _request
__all__ = ["RobotFileParser"]
class RobotFileParser(object):
""" This class provides a set of methods to read, parse and answer
questions about a single robots.txt file.
"""
def __init__(self, url=''):
self.entries = []
self.default_entry = None
self.disallow_all = False
self.allow_all = False
self.set_url(url)
self.last_checked = 0
def mtime(self):
"""Returns the time the robots.txt file was last fetched.
This is useful for long-running web spiders that need to
check for new robots.txt files periodically.
"""
return self.last_checked
def modified(self):
"""Sets the time the robots.txt file was last fetched to the
current time.
"""
import time
self.last_checked = time.time()
def set_url(self, url):
"""Sets the URL referring to a robots.txt file."""
self.url = url
self.host, self.path = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)[1:3]
def read(self):
"""Reads the robots.txt URL and feeds it to the parser."""
try:
f = urllib.request.urlopen(self.url)
except urllib.error.HTTPError as err:
if err.code in (401, 403):
self.disallow_all = True
elif err.code >= 400:
self.allow_all = True
else:
raw = f.read()
self.parse(raw.decode("utf-8").splitlines())
def _add_entry(self, entry):
if "*" in entry.useragents:
# the default entry is considered last
if self.default_entry is None:
# the first default entry wins
self.default_entry = entry
else:
self.entries.append(entry)
def parse(self, lines):
"""Parse the input lines from a robots.txt file.
We allow that a user-agent: line is not preceded by
one or more blank lines.
"""
# states:
# 0: start state
# 1: saw user-agent line
# 2: saw an allow or disallow line
state = 0
entry = Entry()
for line in lines:
if not line:
if state == 1:
entry = Entry()
state = 0
elif state == 2:
self._add_entry(entry)
entry = Entry()
state = 0
# remove optional comment and strip line
i = line.find('#')
if i >= 0:
line = line[:i]
line = line.strip()
if not line:
continue
line = line.split(':', 1)
if len(line) == 2:
line[0] = line[0].strip().lower()
line[1] = urllib.parse.unquote(line[1].strip())
if line[0] == "user-agent":
if state == 2:
self._add_entry(entry)
entry = Entry()
entry.useragents.append(line[1])
state = 1
elif line[0] == "disallow":
if state != 0:
entry.rulelines.append(RuleLine(line[1], False))
state = 2
elif line[0] == "allow":
if state != 0:
entry.rulelines.append(RuleLine(line[1], True))
state = 2
if state == 2:
self._add_entry(entry)
def can_fetch(self, useragent, url):
"""using the parsed robots.txt decide if useragent can fetch url"""
if self.disallow_all:
return False
if self.allow_all:
return True
# search for given user agent matches
# the first match counts
parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(urllib.parse.unquote(url))
url = urllib.parse.urlunparse(('','',parsed_url.path,
parsed_url.params,parsed_url.query, parsed_url.fragment))
url = urllib.parse.quote(url)
if not url:
url = "/"
for entry in self.entries:
if entry.applies_to(useragent):
return entry.allowance(url)
# try the default entry last
if self.default_entry:
return self.default_entry.allowance(url)
# agent not found ==> access granted
return True
def __str__(self):
return ''.join([str(entry) + "\n" for entry in self.entries])
class RuleLine(object):
"""A rule line is a single "Allow:" (allowance==True) or "Disallow:"
(allowance==False) followed by a path."""
def __init__(self, path, allowance):
if path == '' and not allowance:
# an empty value means allow all
allowance = True
self.path = urllib.parse.quote(path)
self.allowance = allowance
def applies_to(self, filename):
return self.path == "*" or filename.startswith(self.path)
def __str__(self):
return (self.allowance and "Allow" or "Disallow") + ": " + self.path
class Entry(object):
"""An entry has one or more user-agents and zero or more rulelines"""
def __init__(self):
self.useragents = []
self.rulelines = []
def __str__(self):
ret = []
for agent in self.useragents:
ret.extend(["User-agent: ", agent, "\n"])
for line in self.rulelines:
ret.extend([str(line), "\n"])
return ''.join(ret)
def applies_to(self, useragent):
"""check if this entry applies to the specified agent"""
# split the name token and make it lower case
useragent = useragent.split("/")[0].lower()
for agent in self.useragents:
if agent == '*':
# we have the catch-all agent
return True
agent = agent.lower()
if agent in useragent:
return True
return False
def allowance(self, filename):
"""Preconditions:
- our agent applies to this entry
- filename is URL decoded"""
for line in self.rulelines:
if line.applies_to(filename):
return line.allowance
return True